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Zimbabwe makes foray into gold-backed CBDC
Zimbabwe makes foray into gold-backed CBDC
"The RBZ says that these tokens can be used for payments, with tokens available for purchase via banks, which will create dedicated e-gold wallets and cards to facilitate person-to-person or person-to-business payments, both online and offline. This is, in effect, a gold-backed central bank digital currency. The economics of gold as a defence against inflation are somewhat heterodox but not absurd. Introducing a CBDC is a complex business, however. Questions around implementation abound. Not only will the central bank have to retain the currency reserves to ensure that it can redeem the coins and tokens, it will also have to maintain the gold reserves backing the tokens."
·omfif.org·
Zimbabwe makes foray into gold-backed CBDC
Reserve-Backed Tokens, and Is It Time for Narrower Banks?
Reserve-Backed Tokens, and Is It Time for Narrower Banks?
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) staffer Tirupam Goel posted a paper discusses the pros and cons of reserve-backed tokens (RBTs) - stablecoins issued by well-regulated private entities that are solely and fully backed by central bank reserves. (The IMF calls them "synthetic CBDC") They are safer than, and can crowd out, current stablecoins, they can adopt a more flexible design than retail CBDCs and thus foster greater competition and innovation, and compared to bank deposits, RBTs are immune to runs and unencumbered by legacy features. However, they could disintermediate commercial banks during normal times and exacerbate runs during stress periods.
·papers.ssrn.com·
Reserve-Backed Tokens, and Is It Time for Narrower Banks?
Macro-Financial Impacts of Foreign Digital Money
Macro-Financial Impacts of Foreign Digital Money
"We develop a two-country New Keynesian model with endogenous currency substitution and financial frictions to examine the impact on a small developing economy of a stablecoin issued in a large foreign economy. The stablecoin provides households in the domestic economy with liquidity services and an additional hedge against domestic inflation. Its introduction amplifies currency substitution, reducing bank intermediation and weakening monetary policy transmission, worsening the impacts of recessionary shocks and increasing banking sector stress. Capital controls raise stablecoin adoption as a means of circumvention, increasing exposure to spillovers from foreign shocks. Unlike a domestic CBDC, a ban on stablecoin payments can alleviate these effects."
·imf.org·
Macro-Financial Impacts of Foreign Digital Money
Republic of Palau stablecoin program: Phase 1
Republic of Palau stablecoin program: Phase 1
[December 7, 2023] The Republic of Palau Ministry of Finance (MOF) published the results of its Palau Stablecoin (PSC) proof-of-concept (POC) in which 168 government employee volunteers and three selected retailers tested the platform from June 30 to September 30, 2023. Ripple provided the underlying technology. After being paid in PSCs, retailers were then free to request a redemption of the PSC received for Fiat USD from the MOF custody funds. Both volunteers and retailers responded positively to the value proposition brought by the PSC as a digital payment system. If future phases are approved by the government, they will focus on building a robust ecosystem that integrates financial institutions, regulatory bodies, legal frameworks, businesses and users into the network.
·palaugov.pw·
Republic of Palau stablecoin program: Phase 1
Palau advances CBDC with Ripple in phase 2 of PSC program launch
Palau advances CBDC with Ripple in phase 2 of PSC program launch
[December 15, 2023] The Ministry of Finance of Palau launched the second phase of its U.S. dollar-pegged Palau Stablecoin (PSC) pilot. The first phase ran from end-June to end-September 2023. The second phase will prioritize the development of a digital ecosystem and increased user engagement, and integration of financial institutions, legal and regulatory compliance, regulatory bodies, legal frameworks, businesses, and users for transaction security and transparency that adheres to international standards. Palau will leverage Ripple’s CBDC Platform and technical expertise. https://twitter.com/JHX_1138/status/1735660342389227656
·cointelegraph.com·
Palau advances CBDC with Ripple in phase 2 of PSC program launch
ECB argues digital euro won't disintermediate banks
ECB argues digital euro won't disintermediate banks
The Centre for Economic Policy Research's VoxEU published an article by Ulrich Bindseil and two other senior European Central Bank (ECB) executives, argued that that commercial bank deposits are unlikely to impacted much by the launch of a digital euro due to its design. This combines a holding limit with the reverse waterfall, which allows instant top-up of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) wallet from the users' bank accounts. Also, merchants and other businesses cannot hold digital euro balances. According to the article, stablecoins and other innovative private sector financial products are bigger threats to bank business models. https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/digital-euro-after-investigation-phase-demystifying-fears-about-bank
·ledgerinsights.com·
ECB argues digital euro won't disintermediate banks
Bank of Ghana completes cross-border trade using eCedi CBDC
Bank of Ghana completes cross-border trade using eCedi CBDC
The Bank of Ghana (BOG) confirmed the completion of the Project Digital Economy Semi-Fungible Token (DESFT), a joint project with the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The first phase saw the development of the blockchain-based Universal Trusted Credentials (UTC) system that enables micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to efficiently verify authenticity of key information, such as basic credentials, licenses, certificates, and trade records across borders. In the second phase, a cross-border payment was made using UTCs, the eCedi CBDC and a Singapore dollar stablecoin, using the purpose-bound money (PBM) protocol.
·bog.gov.gh·
Bank of Ghana completes cross-border trade using eCedi CBDC
Results of the 2023 BIS survey on CBDCs and crypto
Results of the 2023 BIS survey on CBDCs and crypto

94% of the 86 central banks surveyed (between October 2023 and January 2024) by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are exploring central bank digital currency (CBDC). 54% are experimenting with proofs of concept and 31% are running a pilot. Around 30% of central banks focus on retail CBDCs only and 2% are working on wholesale CBDCs only, and it is more likely that central banks will issue a wholesale CBDC within the next six years than retail CBDC. More emerging market (EMDE) central banks are likely to issue a retail CBDC on a distributed ledger than advanced economy (AE) central banks, perhaps reflecting a willingness to leapfrog moving from legacy systems to cutting-edge technologies.

Also, this year the survey also provides insight into the use of stablecoins for payments and regulatory approaches to crypto-assets across the globe. On crypto, the survey showed that stablecoins are hardly used for payments outside the crypto ecosystem, apart from some use by niche groups for remittances and retail payments.. ore than 60% of responding jurisdictions currently have or are developing a regulatory framework for stablecoins and other crypto-assets. Most of these jurisdictions opted for or are developing bespoke regulation (48%), as the opportunities, risks and/or features of crypto-assets would not neatly fit within their existing regulatory frameworks.

·bis.org·
Results of the 2023 BIS survey on CBDCs and crypto
IMF seen as overstretched in expanding its work, including digital currency
IMF seen as overstretched in expanding its work, including digital currency
The Independent Evaluation Office of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that newer IMF policy areas, including digital money, climate change and gender issues, are leading to serious challenges, including overburdening staff. It finds that the systematic widening of the IMF’s areas of work is posing adaptation challenges, necessitating trade-offs, and overburdening staff within a context of budgetary and expertise constraints. The evaluation offered a framework for approaching these challenges that is centered on a trilemma that exposes the tension between the steady expansion of the IMF’s scope of work, its limited resources, and the need to maintain the high quality and value-added of its policy advice. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2024/06/17/The-Chairs-Summing-Up-Independent-Evaluation-Office-The-Evolving-Application-of-the-IMFs-550573
·ledgerinsights.com·
IMF seen as overstretched in expanding its work, including digital currency
Donald Trump Backs ‘Strategic Bitcoin Stockpile’
Donald Trump Backs ‘Strategic Bitcoin Stockpile’
U.S. Presidential hopeful Donald Trump announced that if elected, he would create a strategic bitcoin reserve in the United States. “It will be the policy of my administration to keep 100 percent of all bitcoin the US government currently holds or acquires in the future … as a core of the strategic national bitcoin stockpile,” he said. Right now, the U.S. government owns more than 210,000 bitcoin that were seized via illegal operations. Trump also pledged to create a framework for ensuring the safe expansion of stablecoins, and doubled down on his vow to scrap any effort to issue central bank digital currency (CBDC). He also defended the right to crypto-asset self custody and promised to fire Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Gary Gensler.
·wired.com·
Donald Trump Backs ‘Strategic Bitcoin Stockpile’
Paxos to Buy Finland's Membrane Finance to Gain EU Access
Paxos to Buy Finland's Membrane Finance to Gain EU Access
Stablecoin issuer Paxos will gain access to the European Union (EU), by agreeing to buy Finland-based electronic money institution (EMI) Membrane Finance. "The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval [but] upon completion of the acquisition, Paxos will be a fully licensed EMI in Finland and the EU." Membrane's digital assets are regulated by Finland's Fin-FSA and fully compliant with the EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA). This follows Tether's recent investment in Quantoz Payments to support the latter's launch of its EURQ and USDQ MiCA-compliant stablecoins. In July 2024, USDC and EURC issuer Circle claimed that it became MiCA compliant when it attained an EMI license from the French Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR). https://paxos.com/blog/paxos-to-acquire-finnish-e-money-institution-membrane-finance/
·coindesk.com·
Paxos to Buy Finland's Membrane Finance to Gain EU Access
Crypto firms launch Paxos stablecoin-based global network
Crypto firms launch Paxos stablecoin-based global network
A consortium of fintech and crypto-asset companies launched the Global Dollar Network based on the U.S. dollar-pegged USDG stablecoin issued out of Singapore by Paxos. Paxos claims that USDG is "substantively compliant with the upcoming Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) stablecoin framework. Anchorage Digital, Bullish, Galaxy Digital, Kraken, Nuvei, Paxos and Robinhood are the initial partners. What is unique about USDG, versus the dominant stablecoins, is that partners (financial services and blockchain firms) receive up to 100% of the revenues generated by USDG's backing assets, and earn additional revenues for minting and acceptance. https://globaldollar.com
·paxos.com·
Crypto firms launch Paxos stablecoin-based global network
Forget BRICcoin and GoldBRICs, Greenbacks Rule
Forget BRICcoin and GoldBRICs, Greenbacks Rule
A Russian plan to break the grip of the U.S. dollar through a new international payments network met a cool reception at the BRICS summit in Kazan a few days ago. Despite all of the excitable talk of new reserve currencies and gold-backed BRICSbucks, the greenback’s position is actually strengthening because of an entirely different monetary innovation: dollar-backed stablecoins. (David Birch)
·dgwbirch.substack.com·
Forget BRICcoin and GoldBRICs, Greenbacks Rule
OCBC executes intraday reverse repo using JP Morgan’s Onyx DLT
OCBC executes intraday reverse repo using JP Morgan’s Onyx DLT
Singapore’s OCBC bank executed an intraday reverse repurchase (repo) transaction on JP Morgan’s Onyx Digital Assets platform, in which it lent money to JP Morgan, receiving tokenized securities in exchange. Less than four hours later, the transaction was unwound together with interest. JP Morgan said this was the first time an external counterparty had the ability to execute reverse repos. It’s usually JP Morgan that does the cash lending to clients, taking tokenized securities in exchange. So far it has ten clients using the repo platform, which has conducted a cumulative $1.5 trillion in transactions since its launch in 2020.
·ledgerinsights.com·
OCBC executes intraday reverse repo using JP Morgan’s Onyx DLT
Circle raises fees for large near-instant USDC redemptions
Circle raises fees for large near-instant USDC redemptions
Circle increased the fees it charges for near-instant cash outs of its USDC stablecoin on the Circle Mint platform for the second time in 2024. Circle Mint enables wholesale providers such as exchanges, institutional traders, wallet providers, banks, and large financial institutions to directly redeem USDC 1:1 for USD from Circle. Circle Mint is not available to individuals. All USDC redemptions used to be free and unlimited, but in February 2024 a 0.1% fee on near-instant redemptions above $15 million was imposed on Circle Mint customers. Under the new fee schedule, Circle Mint customers processing more than $2 million net in daily redemptions will incur a fee that starts at 0.03% and increases in tranches to as much as 0.10% for redemptions above $15 million. Basic redemption, which offers a fee-free option, regardless of transaction volume, remains available to all Circle Mint customers as well, but processing can take up to two business days. https://help.circle.com/s/article/USDC-redemption-structure?language=en_US&category=Fees_and_Billing
·bloomberg.com·
Circle raises fees for large near-instant USDC redemptions
G20 Crypto-asset Policy Implementation Roadmap: Status report
G20 Crypto-asset Policy Implementation Roadmap: Status report
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) published a status report on progress made in taking forward the IMF-FSB crypto-asset policy implementation roadmap. Jurisdictions have made progress in implementing the policy and regulatory responses developed by the IMF, FSB, and standard-setting bodies (SSBs). Nearly all FSB member jurisdictions have plans in place to develop new or revise their existing regulatory frameworks for crypto-assets and stablecoins, or they already have those frameworks in place. However, inconsistent implementation of the FSB Framework may hinder its effectiveness and lead to regulatory arbitrage. Cross-border crypto-asset activities that originate from offshore jurisdictions present elevated regulatory and supervisory challenges for authorities.
·fsb.org·
G20 Crypto-asset Policy Implementation Roadmap: Status report
Risk-based Capital for Stable Value Tokens
Risk-based Capital for Stable Value Tokens
Circle published a paper that introduces Token Capital Adequacy Framework (TCAF), a risk-based capital framework designed for stable value tokens, including stablecoins, deposit tokens, and tokenized cash. TCAF assesses the capital requirements by considering both financial and non-financial risks that issuers face. Notably, TCAF quantifies the capital needed to absorb losses stemming from technological, infrastructure, and operational risks, particularly in an environment marked by rapid innovation and limited historical loss data. We apply the framework to past stress events involving stablecoins and demonstrate that TCAF is a more effective prudential tool compared to fixed-ratio or single factor capital frameworks.
·papers.ssrn.com·
Risk-based Capital for Stable Value Tokens
Guidelines on ART/EMT redemption plans under the MiCAR
Guidelines on ART/EMT redemption plans under the MiCAR
The European Banking Authority (EBA) published its final Guidelines on the orderly redemption of token holders in case of crisis of the issuer. The Guidelines, which are addressed to competent authorities designated under the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR), cover issuers of asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) and of e-money tokens (EMTs). The Guidelines specify the content of the redemption plan to be developed in going concern, including the liquidation strategies of the reserve of assets, the mapping of critical activities, the content of the redemption claims, the main steps of the redemption process, and the elements that may lead to the trigger of the plan by the competent authority.
·eba.europa.eu·
Guidelines on ART/EMT redemption plans under the MiCAR
ANZ explores stablecoin to track pension payment
ANZ explores stablecoin to track pension payment
The Health Employees Superannuation Trust Australia (HESTA) and ANZ are examining whether the bank’s A$DC stablecoin could allow HESTA to streamline pension payment reconciliation. Currently, HESAT member firms contributing to staff pensions pay the money across and separately send data about what it relates to. ANZ’s idea is for the data to accompany the stablecoin payment as part of a smart contract. This could eliminate the entire reconciliation process and employees would be able to see their contributions in real time.
·ledgerinsights.com·
ANZ explores stablecoin to track pension payment
Paxos debuts new stablecoin payment platform with Stripe
Paxos debuts new stablecoin payment platform with Stripe
Paxos launched a new stablecoin payments platform targeting payment service providers (PSP) and Fintechs that want to enable stablecoin payments. Global payment processing company Stripe will be the first PSP to integrate the new platform into its system. The infrastructure will be featured on Stripe’s Pay with Crypto product, which allows users to accept stablecoin payments settling in fiat currencies. Once a stablecoin payment is received via Paxos, users can choose whether to immediately convert to fiat currency and settle in local currency, or pay out stablecoin balances directly to merchants. Merchants will have the ability to issue refunds by instantly converting fiat into the stablecoin originally used, then sending directly to the wallet used in the initial payment. https://paxos.com/blog/paxos-launches-new-stablecoin-payments-platform/ https://docs.stripe.com/crypto/integrate-pay-with-crypto
·cointelegraph.com·
Paxos debuts new stablecoin payment platform with Stripe
Stablecoins, money market funds and monetary policy
Stablecoins, money market funds and monetary policy
The European Central Bank (ECB) published a paper that documents the very different short-term (12-week) responses of stablecoins and money market funds (MMFs) to crypto and U.S. monetary policy shocks since 2019. It shows that crypto shocks are inconsequential for MMFs and traditional financial markets but negatively affect stablecoins. In contrast, U.S. monetary policy shocks significantly affect MMFs and stablecoins, but in opposite directions. While prime MMF assets grow after contractionary monetary policy shocks, stablecoin market capitalization significantly declines.
·ecb.europa.eu·
Stablecoins, money market funds and monetary policy
What is the LVGA Token?
What is the LVGA Token?
LVGA are a local stablecoin. They can be purchased within the MyLugano app and collected through the cashback while shopping at local affiliated shops. Unlike other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin LVGA can be used only in Lugano and once obtained they cannot be exchanged or traded for other currencies. LVGA are not subject to fluctuation being "pegged" to the Swiss franc. Thus, they have no speculative intent but exists solely and exclusively as a form of incentive for local spending in Lugano.
·my.lugano.ch·
What is the LVGA Token?
Runs, Transparency and Regulation: On The Optimal Design of Stablecoin Frameworks
Runs, Transparency and Regulation: On The Optimal Design of Stablecoin Frameworks
The European Banking Authority (EBA) published a paper that shows how transparency incentivizes stablecoin issuers to keep a larger share of the reserves in liquid assets, thus reducing the risk of runs and potential bankruptcy ex–ante. In addition, transparency on reserves disincentivizes stablecoin holders from irrationally demanding reimbursement of their funds. The paper’s results also suggest that regulatory interventions after a run has become imminent, in the form of a suspension, can still reduce the negative impact of potential bankruptcy on holders, and that letting assets mature after imposing the suspension can deliver the first–best social welfare outcome. Overall, the paper builds the case for close monitoring by supervisory authorities, overcollateralization, and tight disclosure rules.
·eba.europa.eu·
Runs, Transparency and Regulation: On The Optimal Design of Stablecoin Frameworks
State of Stablecoins: Sector Expansion & A Changing Interest-Rate Environment
State of Stablecoins: Sector Expansion & A Changing Interest-Rate Environment
Coinmetrics published an update on stablecoin markets. It finds that stablecoin flows have turned positive, pushing total supply above $160 billion towards record-highs. The stablecoin landscape continues to expand in diversity, use cases, and risk profiles, from fiat-collateralized and crypto-backed to interest-bearing and protocol-native stablecoins. With stablecoin collateral increasingly composed of U.S dollar equivalents and real-world assets, changes in the interest rate environment could impact profitability and attractiveness of various stablecoins.
·coinmetrics.substack.com·
State of Stablecoins: Sector Expansion & A Changing Interest-Rate Environment
Russia Close to Starting Trials of Crypto Payments, Exchanges
Russia Close to Starting Trials of Crypto Payments, Exchanges
On September 1, 2024, Russia will reportedly soon start trials of cryptocurrency exchanges and the use of digital tokens for cross-border transactions to help firms circumvent international sanctions. It will use Russia's National Payment Card System (NPCS) to swap between rubles and cryptocurrencies. The NPCS already features infrastructure for functions like interbank settlement and clearing, and it is overseen by the central bank. According to Ledger Insights, stablecoins pegged to Chinese yuan and a BRICS currency basket will feature in the trials. https://www.ledgerinsights.com/russia-plans-stablecoins-2-crypto-exchanges-to-circumvent-sanctions/
·bloomberg.com·
Russia Close to Starting Trials of Crypto Payments, Exchanges
Abu Dhabi Proposes Fiat Stablecoin Regulatory Framework
Abu Dhabi Proposes Fiat Stablecoin Regulatory Framework
The Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) has published Consultation Paper No. 7 of 2024 containing proposals to enhance its regulatory framework to allow the issuance of Fiat-Referenced Tokens (FRTs). It adopts adopt a risk-based and proportionate approach based on appropriate regulatory requirements that incorporate the necessary safeguards to ensure that FRT issuers operate in a safe and sound manner and informed by current practices in leading jurisdictions. The latter include the New York Department of Finance, the European Union's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, HM Treasury and the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom, and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. https://adgmen.thomsonreuters.com/rulebook/consultation-paper-no-7-2024-proposed-regulatory-framework-issuance-fiat-referenced-tokens
·fintechnews.ae·
Abu Dhabi Proposes Fiat Stablecoin Regulatory Framework
Tether to Develop UAE Dirham-Pegged Stablecoin
Tether to Develop UAE Dirham-Pegged Stablecoin
Tether plans to launch a stablecoin pegged to the United Arab Emirates dirham (AED) fully backed by liquid UAE-based reserves. It will launch in collaboration with UAE-based Phoenix Group and Green Acorn Investments. It will join Tether’s slate of stablecoin products that include USDT, EURT, CNHT, MXNT, XAUT and aUSDT.
·tether.io·
Tether to Develop UAE Dirham-Pegged Stablecoin
Palau Stablecoin Project Enters Next Phase
Palau Stablecoin Project Enters Next Phase
The Republic of Palau’s Ministry of Finance reported the successful completion of Phase 2a of its National Government Payment Service Project. Phase 2a involved integrating a Ripple-based stablecoin system into Palau’s financial infrastructure. Phase 2b aims to continue the development of the ecosystem, with a specific focus on integrating more comprehensive financial, legal, and business frameworks. This phase will also address the scalability of the payment system and ensure its robustness against potential security threats. https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/Palau-National-Payment-System-Phase-2a-Final-Report.pdf
·cryptorank.io·
Palau Stablecoin Project Enters Next Phase
Stablecoins and the New Payments Landscape
Stablecoins and the New Payments Landscape

Stablecoins and the New Payments Landscape Coinbase believes stablecoins represent the next major leap forward for payments and capital movement, particularly as it’s becoming easier for merchants and other entities to integrate this technology into their economic workflow – even compared to a couple years ago. Most recently, Coinbase announced a partnership with payments provider Stripe to offer USDC on Base for crypto payouts and on their fiat-to-crypto onramp, while Visa, Mastercard and PayPal have all launched their own stablecoin initiatives in recent years. Other notable mentions include Shift4, Nuvei, Worldpay and Checkout.com. That said, stablecoins require greater regulatory clarity and a smoother crypto user experience to more firmly establish the foundations for their potential.

Stablecoins and the New Payments Landscape
·coinbase.com·
Stablecoins and the New Payments Landscape