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Private Sector Could Bring Value to Future CBDC Launches, Says IMF Official
Private Sector Could Bring Value to Future CBDC Launches, Says IMF Official
Tobias Adrian, a financial counselor and director of the IMF's Monetary and Capital Markets Department, gave a keynote address last week at the “Building CBDC: A Race To Reality” conference, sponsored by blockchain software firm R3. Adrian offered two models for the provision of a CBDC, varying in how they would pair the private sector with central banks. The first model looked at synthetic CBDCs (sCBDC), which are backed by the liabilities of a central bank but issued with the aid of a private entity, such as a commercial bank. The second, "two-tiered," model puts central banks in charge of the issuance of a CBDC and transaction settlement, with technology likely to be occasionally updated. As such, the sCBDC model would spur private sector-led innovation at a more "fundamental level," he said.
·coindesk.com·
Private Sector Could Bring Value to Future CBDC Launches, Says IMF Official
Stanford Partnership To Create Digital Currency Standards
Stanford Partnership To Create Digital Currency Standards
Stanford University’s Future of Digital Currency Program joined forces with the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), a United nations agency headed by China, to launch the Digital Currency Global Initiative (DGCI). The purpose is to conduct research on central bank digital currency (CBDC) and other digital currencies, aiming to identify areas for standardization to facilitate interoperability. This research will focus on technical architectures, security, technical implications and challenges in deployment caused by regulatory and policy requirements. It will also construct a set of metrics by which to evaluate the robustness of various digital currency technologies against the requirements set by various stakeholders.
·forbes.com·
Stanford Partnership To Create Digital Currency Standards
The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European Banks
The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European Banks
This study analyzes the impact of digital programmable Euro initiatives on banks, based on interviews with 50 senior experts. We find that both Libra and a Euro CBDC might heavily affect European banks. Experts fear that large-scale financial disintermediation of the financial sector could take place, and digital bank runs could be triggered. Besides these risks, our findings suggest that banks also have the opportunity to develop new business models stemming from these initiatives. Therefore, Libra and a CBDC Euro should not only be seen as threats but also as opportunities.
·researchgate.net·
The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European Banks
Major Bank-Led Digital Cash Settlement Project Gets Delayed
Major Bank-Led Digital Cash Settlement Project Gets Delayed
Technological development work on the Fnality's "Utility Settlement Coin" initiative has progressed, but it still needs regulatory approval. It hopes to receive that approval by the first quarter of 2021. Initially spearheaded by UBS Group AG, the project has been in the works for more than five years and seeks to create a more efficient way for banks to settle financial transactions. In June 2019 banks including Barclays Plc, Banco Santander and Credit Suisse Group AG announced the creation of Fnality. The company had said it expected the project to be commercialized by 2020. The project is looking to replace some of the cumbersome processes and paperwork involved in transferring value between financial organizations by using wholesale stablecoins denominated in U.S. dollars, yen, euro, sterling and Canadian dollars, and backed by deposits at central banks (ie "synthetic" wholesale central bank digital currency).
·nytimes.com·
Major Bank-Led Digital Cash Settlement Project Gets Delayed
Bank of France: stablecoins could impact EU financial sovereignty ‘for decades’
Bank of France: stablecoins could impact EU financial sovereignty ‘for decades’

Bank of France: stablecoins could impact EU financial sovereignty ‘for decades’ Banque de France Governor Villeroy de Galhau warned that Big Techs, capitalizing on their global market penetration, will build private financial infrastructures and monetary systems, competing with the public monetary sovereignty since they will position themselves as issuers and managers of a universal currency. Prospective central bank digital currency (CBDC) could then end up being issued at the ‘backend of a future Big Tech stablecoin. Individual jurisdictions could then respond to the overwhelming pressure of private payments assets by issuing their own CBDCs, both domestically and globally — but without sufficient coordination in the global financial community. The articulation of these multiple CBDCs with private sector initiatives would risk sidelining input from other central banks. He stressed that the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem as a whole cannot allow itself to “lag behind on a CBDC. https://www.bis.org/review/r200911e.htm

·cointelegraph.com·
Bank of France: stablecoins could impact EU financial sovereignty ‘for decades’
Visa’s Crypto Strategy Is Driving Its Next Stage Of Growth
Visa’s Crypto Strategy Is Driving Its Next Stage Of Growth
Forbes recently spoke with Terry Angelos, SVP global head of fintech at Visa and Cuy Sheffield, senior director, head of crypto at Visa. They revealed that one area that Visa has been spending time on is offline digital currency payments. When central banks think about CBDCs, one of the potential features that they are paying attention to is offline payments. There are a lot of technical challenges around enabling this functionality in a secure manner. So Visa is continuing to advance research on that front and will probably have more to talk about in the coming year.
·forbes.com·
Visa’s Crypto Strategy Is Driving Its Next Stage Of Growth
Digital Money Across Borders: Macro-Financial Implications
Digital Money Across Borders: Macro-Financial Implications
A new IMF paper explores the complex interactions between the incentives to adopt and use central bank digital currency (CBDC) and global stablecoins (GSCs) across borders and discusses the potential macro-financial effects. Overall, the paper finds that CBDCs do not qualitatively change the economic forces that lead to the international use of currencies, as they are only digital forms of existing fiat currencies but quantitatively, they could reinforce the incentives behind currency substitution and currency internationalization. A CBDC is not a one-size-fits-all solution for lackluster economies, and it won’t save nations with high inflation or similar domestic issues.
·imf.org·
Digital Money Across Borders: Macro-Financial Implications
PBoC seeks to revise banking law to legalize digital yuan and ban yuan-pegged tokens
PBoC seeks to revise banking law to legalize digital yuan and ban yuan-pegged tokens
The Peoples' Bank of China has included the digital yuan in the latest version of a proposed banking law, giving more legal clarity to the regulation of its national digital currency. The proposed law recognizes the renminbi in both physical and digital form. The new version will essentially also clear the way for the digital yuan to be the one and only official yuan-pegged token in mainland China by prohibiting circulation of any other yuan-pegged digital assets. Violaters of the regulation would have to forfeit any proceeds from issuing and selling of such yuan-backed digital tokens and face fines of up to five times the involved proceeds. http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/4115077/index.html
·theblockcrypto.com·
PBoC seeks to revise banking law to legalize digital yuan and ban yuan-pegged tokens
From the payments revolution to the reinvention of money
From the payments revolution to the reinvention of money
European Central Bank Executive Board member Fabio Panetta is not keen to allow stablecoin issuers to invest their reserve assets in the form of risk-free deposits at the central bank. "It would be tantamount to outsourcing the provision of central bank money, and could endanger monetary sovereignty if, as a result, the stablecoin were to largely displace sovereign money as a means of payment. Money would then be reduced to a 'club good' offered in return for the payment of a fee or membership of a platform."
·ecb.europa.eu·
From the payments revolution to the reinvention of money
Russia's Sberbank may issue its own cryptocurrency, says CEO
Russia's Sberbank may issue its own cryptocurrency, says CEO
Russian state-owned Sberbank is working with JP Morgan on possibly issuing its own "Sbercoin" crypto-asset in 2021. The move follows the introduction of a new law, announced in July and coming into force on January 1, that makes permissible crypto-asset trading but forbids Russians from using crypto-assets as a means of payment. Olga Skorobogatova, Bank of Russia First Deputy Governor, said in a webinar that she opposed private companies that build digital rubles, but that the Russian central bank is still considering minting its own digital ruble. https://www.rbc.ru/crypto/news/5fc502c59a79472910473c16
·rbc.ru·
Russia's Sberbank may issue its own cryptocurrency, says CEO
Designing CBDC Using the Delphi-Analytic Network Process
Designing CBDC Using the Delphi-Analytic Network Process
The emergence of stablecoins is a growing concern for authorities worldwide including Indonesia as it could affect financial stability. Thus, if a central bank chooses to develop a central bank digital currency (CBDC) to tackle this problem, the design should conform to the country’s characteristics and consumer needs. This study draws on experts’ opinions from various economic agents and utilises an amalgamation of the analytic network process (ANP) and the Delphi method to show that the cash-like CBDC model is the most appropriate digital currency design for Indonesia, since it could enhance financial inclusion and reduce shadow banking in Indonesia.
·bmeb-bi.org·
Designing CBDC Using the Delphi-Analytic Network Process
Rising demand for programmable payments
Rising demand for programmable payments
A joint study by the German Federal Ministry of Finance and the Deutsche Bundesbank concluded that demand for programmable payments is rising in Germany. Smart contracts could be incorporated into conventional payment systems, but the extent to which they can be implemented and applied is limited. However, tokenized commercial bank money and central bank digital currency could bring the greatest functional benefit in terms of settling programmable payments. Both options are well-suited settlement solutions for programmable payments on account of the expected credibility of their issuers and their use within a binding legal framework.
·bundesbank.de·
Rising demand for programmable payments
The Impact of Digital Currency on the Future of Payments
The Impact of Digital Currency on the Future of Payments
Money is the indispensable lubricant of our modern global economy and society. The emergence of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) as a new form of money is therefore a development of profound importance. It will transform a key element upon which the livelihoods of peoples around the world depend. This is a global phenomenon. The engines of its progress are, in the early stages, being ignited by and within individual jurisdictions. From these starting points, its impact will extend beyond physical boundaries, to be felt across the emerging digital landscape. (Whitechapel Think Tank)
·whitechapelthinktank.co.uk·
The Impact of Digital Currency on the Future of Payments
Payments innovation beyond the pandemic
Payments innovation beyond the pandemic
The Bank of Canada's work to prepare its contingency plan for launching a central bank digital currency (CBDC) has accelerated, driven by a sharp decline in the acceptance of cash. If this trend continues beyond the pandemic and/or private digital currencies take hold as means of payment, the Bank could be pushed over the edge. If the latter scenario emerges, a central bank, with no commercial motivation to harvest data, is uniquely positioned to build into its digital currency safeguards for privacy, while at the same time defending against criminal uses. Universal access would need to be another key feature of a central bank digital currency. Meanwhile, the Bank has been researching and experimenting with different technologies, and engaged three university project teams to independently develop proposals for what a digital currency ecosystem could look like. Their reports will be published on February 11.
·bankofcanada.ca·
Payments innovation beyond the pandemic
Bermuda to Pilot Digital Dollar for Rum Sales
Bermuda to Pilot Digital Dollar for Rum Sales
Canadian fintech firm Bidali has reportedly launched a pilot to test a digital Bermuda dollar with the support of the Bermuda government. Under the pilot program, popular local rum company Gosling’s Limited will be accepting digital Bermuda dollars through the Stellar network. From there it hopes to expand to other businesses in Bermuda. Bermuda is a British island territory that does not have a central bank and the Bermuda dollar is pegged one-to-one to the U.S. dollar - it's effectively a non-digital government-issued stablecoin with one USD in reserve for every Bermuda Dollar that’s issued. Also, since 2019, Bermudans have been able to pay taxes with USDC stablecoins.
·coindesk.com·
Bermuda to Pilot Digital Dollar for Rum Sales
Digital Currencies and Bank Competition
Digital Currencies and Bank Competition
This article examines how the issuance of a digital currency by a non-bank operator impacts competition between banks in a cashless society. Unlike banks, the digital currency provider is not allowed to engage in maturity transformation. I analyze how the fee charged for the digital currency impacts the interest rates on loans and the fees charged by banks to depositors for paying from their bank account and opening an account in a bank. I derive the conditions under which consumers use the digital currency to pay. I also discuss how the distribution mode of the digital currency may impact its use for payments.
·acpr.banque-france.fr·
Digital Currencies and Bank Competition
Bank of England publishes policy for omnibus accounts in RTGS
Bank of England publishes policy for omnibus accounts in RTGS
The Bank of England unveiled a new type of omnibus account as part of its real-time gross settlement (RTGS) service. Under the new model, an operator of a payment system can hold funds in the omnibus account to fund their participants’ balances with central bank money. An omnibus account co-mingles funds from different entities for the purposes of wholesale settlement. The new type of account is not limited to wholesale transactions such as buying gilts, but can be used to settle transactions on behalf of customers, such as a small business paying a supplier.
·bankofengland.co.uk·
Bank of England publishes policy for omnibus accounts in RTGS
Fnality recognises a major market milestone
Fnality recognises a major market milestone
Fnality sees the new Bank of England omnibus accounts as supportive of the opportunity to use tokenized cash assets on next generation payment systems, enabling on-chain wholesale exchange of value. Fnality uses an Etheruem-based permissioned blockchain developed by Clearmatics, that will run on chain payment systems in multiple currencies with a regulated subsidiary in each jurisdiction. When a bank wants to use Fnality tokens to make a payment, it transfers money from its central bank account to the Fnality omnibus account, which then tokenizes it. The bank then uses the tokens to make a payment, and the recipient bank can then opt to convert the received tokens back to central bank money and have it transferred to its own central bank account. Or it could use the tokens for further payments.
·fnality.org·
Fnality recognises a major market milestone
New forms of digital money
New forms of digital money
The Bank of England published a discussion paper that set out its emerging thoughts on new forms of digital money, which include both systemic stablecoins and a UK central bank digital currency (CBDC). It builds on the Bank’s previous Discussion Paper on CBDC published in March 2020 and the Financial Policy Committee’s expectations for stablecoins set out in the December 2019 Financial Stability Report. Broadly speaking, the paper proposes that stablecoins should meet equivalent standards to those imposed on commercial banks.
·bankofengland.co.uk·
New forms of digital money
Central Banks and Digital Currencies
Central Banks and Digital Currencies
"Central banks can support the development of digital currencies indirectly, by supporting the public provision of safe, privately issued digital currencies, or more directly, by issuing digital currencies themselves, among other possibilities. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive, especially if there are separate reasons to issue a CBDC. In that case, central banks may need to think about how private sector entities could use the CBDC to support the development of their own stablecoins."
·libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org·
Central Banks and Digital Currencies
El Salvador May Launch National Stablecoin: Reports
El Salvador May Launch National Stablecoin: Reports
El Salvador’s government is reportedly planning to release a U.S. dollar stablecoin. The currency would be issued by the central bank, pegged to the value of the U.S. dollar and backed by reserves of real U.S. dollars. The cryptocurrency would be called the “Colón-Dollar,” a reference to the country's former national currency that was replaced with the U.S. dollar in 2001. The president’s brothers reportedly met with representatives from Cardano, WhizGrid and Algorand at different times.
·decrypt.co·
El Salvador May Launch National Stablecoin: Reports
Why Central Bankers Invoke Free Banking to Attack Stablecoins
Why Central Bankers Invoke Free Banking to Attack Stablecoins
"As for the consumer benefit of private versus public money, one only has to consider what happened after the free banking episode in the U.S. Monetary issuance was centralized in the hands of the state, which promptly inflated away everyone’s savings during the Civil War. Curiously, the central bankers touting the benefits of public money omit that part of the story. "
·coindesk.com·
Why Central Bankers Invoke Free Banking to Attack Stablecoins
Why is the United States Lagging Behind in Payments
Why is the United States Lagging Behind in Payments
According to this paper by Diem/Novi's Christian Catalini and Andrew Lilley there are at least three ways to remove frictions in payments and rapidly expand the number of individuals and businesses that can access the financial system and cheaply transact in real time. The first is to bring deposits on a single ledger through a central bank digital currency (CBDC), so that transfers between banks are not limited by external liquidity constraints or third-party rails. The second approach is to follow countries such as India and Mexico and increase the throughput of always-on real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems, the model the US Federal Reserve is pursuing with the introduction of FedNow, targeted for 2023. The third approach is to facilitate the growth of interoperable, stablecoin payment rails by creating the right regulatory framework for these new types of networks to safely increase competition in payments.
·papers.ssrn.com·
Why is the United States Lagging Behind in Payments
Fed's Brainard: Can't wrap head around not having U.S. central bank digital currency
Fed's Brainard: Can't wrap head around not having U.S. central bank digital currency
U.S. Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard reportedly laid out a range of reasons for "urgency" around the issue of developing a U.S. central bank digital currency (CBDC), including the fact that other countries such as China are moving ahead with their own. "The dollar is very dominant in international payments, and if you have the other major jurisdictions in the world with a digital currency, a CBDC offering, and the U.S. doesn't have one, I just, I can't wrap my head around that... That just doesn't sound like a sustainable future to me." She also pointed to the risk of stablecoins proliferating and fragmenting the payment system.
·msn.com·
Fed's Brainard: Can't wrap head around not having U.S. central bank digital currency
Visa outlines interoperability concept for CBDC payments
Visa outlines interoperability concept for CBDC payments
Visa published a paper on its "universal payments channel" (UPC) that will facilitate transactions between various stablecoins and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Specifically, it proposes a hub-and-spoke payment route that can be used to support digital token transfers of funds across different networks through payment channels. The UPC protocol facilitates payments through a "UPC hub" that acts as a gateway to receive payment requests from registered sending parties and routes them to registered recipient parties.
·theblockcrypto.com·
Visa outlines interoperability concept for CBDC payments
Interoperability of stablecoins
Interoperability of stablecoins
"Without access to central bank payment rails, non-bank stablecoins will be perceived (however large the HQLA buffers they may propose) to be less safe than bank stablecoins. As most stablecoins are in US dollars, the US has an opportunity to exploit its (relatively) late entry into the stablecoins discussion. Allowing stablecoins from banks and non-banks chartered as banks to interoperate – not just by enabling both to have access to central bank payment systems, but also by enabling the use of public, open-source technology protocols that already interoperate with each other – will make a difference in the payments/settlements landscape."
·centralbanking.com·
Interoperability of stablecoins
Palau partners with Ripple on national stablecoin using XRP Ledger
Palau partners with Ripple on national stablecoin using XRP Ledger
The Republic of Palau has partnered with Ripple to develop a U.S. dollar-backed digital currency for the country using the XRP Ledger. If launched, it could be the world’s first government-based national stablecoin (GovCoin). (The Pacific island nation has no central bank and uses the U.S. dollar as its official currency, so a central bank digital currency (CBDC) is out of the question.) The IMF hasn't opined on this yet, but it was only a month ago that it completed its 2021 Article IV mission and no mention was made of any such development.
·ripple.com·
Palau partners with Ripple on national stablecoin using XRP Ledger
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Why Stablecoins and a CBDC Have a Future Together
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Why Stablecoins and a CBDC Have a Future Together
A new C.D. Howe Institute report advocates for the Bank of Canada issuing central bank digital currency (CBDC) to facilitate the emergence of Canadian dollar stablecoins. The report explains that Canadian-dollar-linked stablecoins could become attractive to Canadians by making them convertible into Bank-issued cash, and ensuring that the stablecoins are well designed and regulated from business conduct, competitive, operational, privacy and prudential perspectives.
·cdhowe.org·
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Why Stablecoins and a CBDC Have a Future Together