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Coinbase surviving on USDC interest as YTD losses top $2 billion
Coinbase surviving on USDC interest as YTD losses top $2 billion
"Asked about Coinbase’s claim that traders are moving ‘offshore’ to exchanges like Binance that have rolled out zero-fee BTC transactions, chief operating officer Emilie Choi clarified that “companies that say zero fee are still generating a spread” and Coinbase was “not going to compete on price because of the premium nature of our offering.” Exchanges based in less, er, rigorous regulatory climates also get to offer products that Coinbase can’t legally provide. Armstrong said he repeatedly told policy makers that “by pushing so hard on local companies, you’re not actually protecting investors. You’re just encouraging them to move offshore to even less regulated options, right?”"
·coingeek.com·
Coinbase surviving on USDC interest as YTD losses top $2 billion
Major stablecoins destabilized as market volatility and redemptions surge
Major stablecoins destabilized as market volatility and redemptions surge
Significant market volatility this week induced by the collapse of the FTX exchange has impacted stablecoins with many of them depegging temporarily. Tether's USDT temporarily declined to $0.97 on November 10 as redemptions reportedly surpassed $600 million over the previous two days. Circle’s USDC fell to $0.977 very briefly. Both rapidly regained their pegs. Yesterday I reported that USDT had spiked down and USDC spiked up, but different sources tell different stories. Yesterday's USDC graphic sourced CoinMarketCap.com whereas CoinGecko.com tells a different story (see below). with USDC also spiking down like USDT did. In any case, lots of volatility!
·cointelegraph.com·
Major stablecoins destabilized as market volatility and redemptions surge
Regulated Liability Network
Regulated Liability Network
"The Regulated Liability Network (RLN) is a contribution to the global debate on the future of money offered by a group of industry participants. It explores the technical, legal and business characteristics necessary to provide on-chain, 24*7 programmable, final settlement in sovereign currencies, consisting of the liabilities of both public and private regulated financial institutions. These activities could enable a more functionally rich financial system that is compliant with all existing laws and regulations."
·regulatedliabilitynetwork.org·
Regulated Liability Network
An assessment of the volatility spillover from crypto to traditional financial assets: the role of asset-backed stablecoins
An assessment of the volatility spillover from crypto to traditional financial assets: the role of asset-backed stablecoins
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) published a paper on volatility spillover from asset-backed stablecoins to money market instruments, focusing on Tether. Stablecoins bear liquidity mismatch risks similar to money market funds, which may expose them to a fire-sale of reserve assets in times of crypto ecosystem instability and in turn increase the volatility of these reserve assets. It finds that, in extreme circumstances, these fire-sales could have material impacts on the traditional financial system such as the money market. The paper proposes regulations that require stablecoin issuers to provide standardized and regular disclosures of their reserve assets holdings, and possibly imposing restrictions on the composition of reserve assets and requiring well- defined redemption rights
·hkma.gov.hk·
An assessment of the volatility spillover from crypto to traditional financial assets: the role of asset-backed stablecoins
TCH White Paper Outlines Legal Authority for US Insured Depository Institutions to Issue and Provide Stablecoin-related Activities, including Digitized Deposits
TCH White Paper Outlines Legal Authority for US Insured Depository Institutions to Issue and Provide Stablecoin-related Activities, including Digitized Deposits
The Clearing House (TCH) published a paper that analyzes US insured depository institutions legal authority to issue stablecoins and engage in stablecoin-related activities. It finds that, in 2020 and 2021, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) gave national banks the clear legal authority to issue and exchange stablecoins, based on language in the National Bank Act, and consistent with numerous legal decisions and regulatory determinations regarding a bank’s authority to issue payments and deposit instruments. National banks have always been permitted to develop innovative deposit and payment mechanisms, as receiving deposits and acting as financial intermediaries are core functions of banks.
·theclearinghouse.org·
TCH White Paper Outlines Legal Authority for US Insured Depository Institutions to Issue and Provide Stablecoin-related Activities, including Digitized Deposits
Custodia Bank Wins Important Digital Asset Decision
Custodia Bank Wins Important Digital Asset Decision
US Law firm Davis Wright Tremaine LLP (DWT) published a report on Wyoming's Custodia Bank's successful complaint regarding the Federal Reserve's tardy response to the bank's application for a Master Account. DWT represented Custodia in the legal action, and they believe We believe this is the first case in which claims seeking to compel the grant of a master account have proceeded beyond the motion to dismiss stage. I reported on this some weeks ago but with little of the detail included here. I am quite surprised at the crypto press hasn't picked up on this important news, but I guess they prefer their stories spoon fed to them.
·dwt.com·
Custodia Bank Wins Important Digital Asset Decision
Stablecoins and Their Risks to Financial Stability
Stablecoins and Their Risks to Financial Stability
The Bank of Canada [BoC] published a paper on the risks stablecoins could pose to the financial system. It argues that the stabilization mechanisms of stablecoins give rise to the risk of confidence runs, which can propagate to broader crypto-asset markets and the traditional financial sector. It also argues that stablecoins can contribute to financial stability risks by facilitating the buildup of leverage and liquidity mismatch in decentralized finance (DeFi). Such risks cannot be addressed by ensuring the price stability of stablecoins alone. Finally, it explores the potential implications of stablecoins for the current system of bank-intermediated credit and for monetary policy.
·bankofcanada.ca·
Stablecoins and Their Risks to Financial Stability
Rising Tether Loans Add Risk to Stablecoin, Crypto World
Rising Tether Loans Add Risk to Stablecoin, Crypto World
The Wall Street Journal published an article that claims that Tether has increasingly been lending its own USDT stablecoins to customers rather than selling them for hard currency upfront. "The shift adds to risks that the company may not have enough liquid assets to pay redemptions in a crisis." Tether says it does indeed make short-term USDT loans to carefully vetted customers, but they are required to post "lots of extremely liquid” collateral, which could be sold for dollars if borrowers default. About 9% of USTD's backing assets are comprised of such secured loans, according to Bloomberg's Matt Levine. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-12-01/sbf-missed-ftx-s-risks
·wsj.com·
Rising Tether Loans Add Risk to Stablecoin, Crypto World
USDC issuer Circle terminates SPAC merger with Concord
USDC issuer Circle terminates SPAC merger with Concord
USD Coin (USDC) stablecoin issuer Circle has announced the mutual termination of its proposed merger with special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) Concord Acquisition. The deal was announced in July 2021 with a preliminary valuation of $4.5 billion and was then amended in February 2022 when Circle's valuation ballooned to $9 billion. USDC is currently the 2nd largest stablecoin in circulation, with a market cap of $43 billion.
·cointelegraph.com·
USDC issuer Circle terminates SPAC merger with Concord
Fnality and HQLAX demonstrate the first cross-chain repo swap pilot
Fnality and HQLAX demonstrate the first cross-chain repo swap pilot
Fnality and HQLAX demonstrated together with Banco Santander, Goldman Sachs and UBS, the first cross-chain repo swap pilot across Corda and Enterprise Ethereum, paving the way for the settlement of intraday transactions. This is part of Fnality’s mission to provide its participants with a single pool of liquidity to facilitate payments (P), cross-currency payments (PvP) and delivery versus payment (DvP) use cases. This pilot also proves interoperability across the Fnality Payment System and HQLAX’s Digital Collateral Registry, bridging Corda and Enterprise Ethereum. Fnality was founded to create a network of decentralised financial market Infrastructures (dFMIs) to deliver the means of payment-on-chain in wholesale banking markets, based on wholesale stablecoins backed by central bank reserves. The HQLAᵡ operating model leverages distributed ledger technology to enable atomic delivery verses delivery (DvD) for baskets of securities residing at multiple custodians.
·fnality.org·
Fnality and HQLAX demonstrate the first cross-chain repo swap pilot
Tether Launches Offshore Chinese Yuan (CNH₮) on Tron
Tether Launches Offshore Chinese Yuan (CNH₮) on Tron
"Tether Operations Limited (Tether), the company operating the blockchain-enabled platform tether.to that powers the first and most widely used stablecoin by market capitalization announced today the addition of its offshore Chinese Yuan (CNH₮) to the Tron blockchain. At launch, Bitfinex will be the first exchange to enable its users to deposit and withdraw CNH₮ using the Tron blockchain transport layer from the platform. "
·tether.to·
Tether Launches Offshore Chinese Yuan (CNH₮) on Tron
Snake oil sellers in the stablecoin world
Snake oil sellers in the stablecoin world
"Contrary to what the Barclays note says, placing funds on deposit at the Fed through the ON RRP facility would not make USDC a "closer substitute for insured bank deposits". Since ON RRP deposits are not liquid, it would actually make it less like an insured bank deposit, since it would not be possible to redeem it overnight. "
·coppolacomment.com·
Snake oil sellers in the stablecoin world
Tron-backed USDD loses dollar parity as stablecoin dips below $0.97
Tron-backed USDD loses dollar parity as stablecoin dips below $0.97
"Tron's Decentralized USDD algorithmic stablecoin slipped further from parity with the US dollar today. USDD dropped to slightly below 0.97 before recovering to around $0.98. This marks the second time the stablecoin has slipped out of dollar parity since it was first founded earlier this year. In June, the stablecoin dipped all the way to $0.96 before bouncing back to its intended value."
·theblock.co·
Tron-backed USDD loses dollar parity as stablecoin dips below $0.97
CSA provides update to crypto trading platforms operating in Canada
CSA provides update to crypto trading platforms operating in Canada
The Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) is strengthening its approach to oversight of crypto trading platforms by expanding existing requirements for platforms operating in Canada. Also, the CSA announced that it is of the view that stablecoins, or stablecoin arrangements, may constitute securities and/or derivatives. In that context, crypto trading platforms that are registered or that have entered into a pre-registration undertaking are prohibited from permitting Canadian clients to trade, or obtain exposure to, any crypto asset that is itself a security and/or a derivative. Crypto trading platforms are expected to have established policies and procedures to determine whether each crypto asset they provide exposure to is a security and/or derivative.
·osc.ca·
CSA provides update to crypto trading platforms operating in Canada
Tether to reduce secured loans to zero in 2023 amid battle against FUD
Tether to reduce secured loans to zero in 2023 amid battle against FUD
Tether has pledged to stop the practice of lending out funds from the reserves that back its USDT stablecoin. The move is likely in response to a Wall Street Journal report earlier this month alleging these loans were risky, claiming that the “company may not have enough liquid assets to pay redemptions in a crisis,” even though Tether claims that the loans are over-collateralized and covered by “extremely liquid assets." Tether said that starting from now, throughout 2023, it will reduce secured loans in its reserves to zero.
·cointelegraph.com·
Tether to reduce secured loans to zero in 2023 amid battle against FUD
BIS Finalizes Bitcoin Bank Limits
BIS Finalizes Bitcoin Bank Limits
The BIS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has finalized a proposed policy that would place a 2% limit on banks' Tier 1 capital held in bitcoin and other "Group 2" crypto-assets. Tier 1 capital is the core capital held in a bank's reserves that is used to fund business activities for the bank's clients. It includes common stock, as well as disclosed reserves and certain other assets. Group 1 crypto-assets include tokenised traditional assets (Group 1a) and crypto-assets with effective stabilization mechanisms (Group 1b). Group 1 crypto-assets are subject to capital requirements based on the risk weights of underlying exposures as set out in the existing Basel Framework. Group 2 crypto-assets are those that fail to meet any of the Group 1 classification conditions. https://www.bis.org/press/p221216.htm
·bitcoinmagazine.com·
BIS Finalizes Bitcoin Bank Limits
The stable in stablecoins
The stable in stablecoins
The US Federal Reserve Board (FRB) published a note that describes the general lifecycle of a stablecoin from its issuance to its redemption. It then categorizes various stabilization mechanisms and discuss how they work in practice. A key observation is that, although several stablecoins may peg their value to the same real-world asset, stabilization mechanisms can vary greatly in terms of maintaining stability with the reference asset, and so may have varying susceptibilities to the risk of runs from the stablecoin to the reference asset.
·federalreserve.gov·
The stable in stablecoins
The Relative Benefits and Risks of Stablecoins as a Means of Payment
The Relative Benefits and Risks of Stablecoins as a Means of Payment
The Bank of Canada published a paper on the utility of stablecoins for retail payments. It finds that certain stablecoin arrangements offer end users greater control of their privacy, facilitate more rapid innovation and have the potential to increase transaction speeds, particularly for cross-border payments. At the same time, stablecoins may provide less consumer protection for fraud, present higher risks to the payment system and to efforts to combat financial crime, and be costlier relative to traditional payment arrangements. The paper's findings suggest that stablecoin arrangements do not currently serve as substitutes for the suite of traditional payment arrangements but instead address niche use cases or user segments that value their benefits and can accept their risks or costs.
·bankofcanada.ca·
The Relative Benefits and Risks of Stablecoins as a Means of Payment
Potential benefits and key risks of fiat-referenced cryptoassets
Potential benefits and key risks of fiat-referenced cryptoassets
"Fiat-referenced cryptoassets have seen tremendous growth in recent years. Since these types of cryptoassets have the potential to perform many of the functions of money, they could become more widely used to pay for everyday goods and services. Fiat-referenced cryptoassets could make payments faster and more efficient due to features of the novel technology they are built on. However, they could also pose financial stability risks, some of which were illustrated in the market turmoil of May and November 2022, highlighting the need for adequate regulation and supervision. Work is underway, domestically and internationally, to develop a robust regulatory framework to mitigate the risks these types of cryptoassets can pose to holders, the financial system and the economy. A timely and comprehensive regulatory approach in Canada will ensure that fiat-referenced cryptoassets can deliver potential benefits without posing unnecessary risks."
·bankofcanada.ca·
Potential benefits and key risks of fiat-referenced cryptoassets
The Bank of England seeking to bring systemic stablecoins into its regulatory remit
The Bank of England seeking to bring systemic stablecoins into its regulatory remit
The Bank of England published its supervision of financial market infrastructures 2022 Annual Report. It reports that the Financial Services & Markets Bill, published in July 2022 and scheduled to complete in 2023 seeks to bring systemic stablecoins into the Bank’s regulatory remit, and bring the UK regime in line with standards discussed. The Bank is now working on a regulatory framework for systemic stablecoins and plans to consult on this in due course. Alongside regulation, another key component of a stablecoin regime is the potential application of the FMI Special Administrative Regime to systemic stablecoin firms. The Bank, working with His Majesty's Treasury, will continue to develop this regime to ensure it reflects international CPMI-IOSCO guidance.
·bankofengland.co.uk·
The Bank of England seeking to bring systemic stablecoins into its regulatory remit
Leverage and Stablecoin Pegs
Leverage and Stablecoin Pegs
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) published a paper that shows how stablecoins can maintain a constant price even though they face run risk and pay no interest. Stablecoin holders are indirectly compensated for stablecoin run risk because they can lend the coins to levered traders. Levered traders are willing to pay a premium to borrow stablecoins when speculative demand is strong. Therefore, the stablecoin can support a $1 peg even with higher levels of run risk. However, when speculative demand falls, stablecoin issuers can keep their debt trading at par only by moving to a safer portfolio or allowing redemptions. Such reallocation or change in stablecoin supply can cause disruptions in the real economy. Stablecoin issuers will need to adjust quickly if expected returns for cryptocurrencies fall; otherwise, they face the risk of collapse. These adjustments can cause disruptions in the markets they invest in, like the commercial paper market that provides financing to the real economy.
·nber.org·
Leverage and Stablecoin Pegs
Why the steepest borrowing rate may be the best rate
Why the steepest borrowing rate may be the best rate
"Even though the rate to borrow Tether is higher than the rate to borrow USD Coin, it may be worthwhile for me to go with the a Tether loan if I think that the odds of Tether failing justify the higher financing cost. We can even go a bit further and say that the 0.9% premium on a Tether loan is the market's best estimate of the odds of Tether losing its peg relative to USD Coin losing its peg. So for all those would-be stablecoin analysts out there, keep your eye on Aave's USD Coin-Tether spread. It's a good indicator of stablecoin risk."
·jpkoning.blogspot.com·
Why the steepest borrowing rate may be the best rate
Tron's USDD Stablecoin Experiences Fluctuations Again, Drops Below $1 Parity in Early 2023
Tron's USDD Stablecoin Experiences Fluctuations Again, Drops Below $1 Parity in Early 2023
"There have been some slight fluctuations in USDD’s price at the start of the new year, as the stablecoin has dipped to the 97-cent range on a few occasions in 2023. After Terra’s stablecoin depegging event in May 2022, USDD started to slip slightly below the $1 peg, causing anxiety in the crypto industry. A number of other stablecoins saw similar deviations. On June 19, 2022, USDD reached a low of 92.8 cents per unit, but the stablecoin managed to regain the $1 peg, trading between 98 cents and 99 cents per unit."
·news.bitcoin.com·
Tron's USDD Stablecoin Experiences Fluctuations Again, Drops Below $1 Parity in Early 2023
Circle Releases First Annual “State of the USDC Economy” Report
Circle Releases First Annual “State of the USDC Economy” Report
"As our first State of the USDC Economy annual retrospective spells out, the green shoots of global utility value are sprouting up everywhere, catalyzing a wave of open, responsible financial services innovation that can improve pathways to prosperity, while protecting the integrity of the global financial system."
·circle.com·
Circle Releases First Annual “State of the USDC Economy” Report