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Walmart, Amazon consider issuing own stablecoins: WSJ
Walmart, Amazon consider issuing own stablecoins: WSJ
According to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), Walmart and Amazon are considering issuing their own USD-backed brand-specific closed-loop stablecoins. The main motivation is to bypass traditional payment networks like Visa and Mastercard, to eliminate the substantial fees these retailers currently pay, including interchange fees to banks (about 1.8%), network fees to Mastercard and Visa (0.14%), and payment processor fees to Stripe, Fiserv, etc. (0.40%). The timing of these deliberations is closely tied to the legislative progress of the GENIUS Act, which is poised to become the U.S.'s first comprehensive stablecoin law. https://www.wsj.com/finance/banking/walmart-amazon-stablecoin-07de2fdd
·cointelegraph.com·
Walmart, Amazon consider issuing own stablecoins: WSJ
Coinbase Debuts Stablecoin Payment Stack Following Shopify Partnership
Coinbase Debuts Stablecoin Payment Stack Following Shopify Partnership

Coinbase has launched Coinbase Payments to expand into the global payments market using its Ethereum layer-2 network Base. The service brings USDC stablecoin payments to merchants, supporting 24/7 transactions without requiring any blockchain know-how. It is already live with e-commerce platform Shopify. The new service integrates three modular components: The Stablecoin Checkout lets customers pay using wallets like MetaMask, Phantom, and Coinbase Wallet in a gas-less, browser-native experience. The Ecommerce Engine gives platforms an API to handle key functions like authorization, refunds and ledgering. And the Commerce Payments Protocol executes transactions through smart contracts, handling mechanics like delayed capture or on-chain escrow. https://www.coinbase.com/en-gb/blog/powering-the-future-of-ecommerce-introducing-coinbase-payments

·coindesk.com·
Coinbase Debuts Stablecoin Payment Stack Following Shopify Partnership
Ubyx stablecoin clearing network raises $10m
Ubyx stablecoin clearing network raises $10m
Ubyx announced a $10 million seed funding round led by Galaxy Ventures and including Founders Fund, and Paxos, Payoneer. Ubyx aims to provide a clearing system enabling anyone to easily on and off-ramp between bank accounts and stablecoins. This is a particular issue for corporates that want to use stablecoins for cross border payments, but might find the accounting for holding them on their balance sheet tricky. Although Circle's Circle Payments Network (CPN) does something similar, it is focused on Circle's own stablecoins (e.g., USDC and EURC) Ubyx aims to provide this distribution and redemption service for numerous stablecoins. https://6778953.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/6778953/PDFs/Whitepapers/CPN_Whitepaper.pdf
·ledgerinsights.com·
Ubyx stablecoin clearing network raises $10m
The case against stablecoins
The case against stablecoins
Noelle Acheson published an exploration of the criticisms and risks associated with stablecoins while acknowledging their potential benefits. She addresses common anti-stablecoin arguments, such as their use in crime, lack of transparency in reserves, potential destabilization of treasury markets, and the ethical concerns around non-interest-bearing models benefiting issuers over taxpayers. Acheson refutes some claims as exaggerated or simplistic, like comparisons to fiat currency risks, but agrees with others, such as the need for better reserve transparency and the risks of depegging. The paper also highlights how stablecoins challenge traditional notions of money and financial control, emphasizing the importance of addressing valid criticisms to ensure their sustainable growth amid rapid adoption.
·cryptoismacro.com·
The case against stablecoins
Stablecoin Runs and the Centralization of Arbitrage
Stablecoin Runs and the Centralization of Arbitrage
The U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) published a paper that investigates the trade-off between price stability and run risk in stablecoins, focusing on the role of arbitrage concentration. It document that stablecoin issuers, such as Tether (USDT), limit the number of arbitrageurs who can redeem stablecoins for cash, leading to concentrated arbitrage. They argue that while more efficient arbitrage improves price stability by reducing secondary market price deviations, it also increases run risk by lowering the price impact of investor sales, thereby encouraging panic selling. The study develops a theoretical model showing how issuers balance these trade-offs and analyzes policy implications, such as the unintended consequences of regulations promoting unconstrained redemptions. The findings highlight the need for coordinated policies addressing both arbitrage efficiency and reserve asset liquidity to mitigate systemic risks in the stablecoin ecosystem.
·nber.org·
Stablecoin Runs and the Centralization of Arbitrage
Senate passes GENIUS Act stablecoin legislation
Senate passes GENIUS Act stablecoin legislation
The U.S. Senate has passed the GENIUS Act, a bipartisan bill aimed at establishing a regulatory framework for stablecoins. The legislation seeks to provide clarity for issuers, ensure consumer protections, and maintain financial stability while fostering innovation in the digital asset space. Key provisions include requirements for stablecoin issuers to maintain reserves, comply with anti-money laundering (AML) rules, and undergo regular audits. The bill now moves to the House of Representatives for further consideration. https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582/text
·ledgerinsights.com·
Senate passes GENIUS Act stablecoin legislation
What is the future of stablecoins and how do we get there?
What is the future of stablecoins and how do we get there?
Kings College London Business School published a paper that explores the future of stablecoins and outlines key dimensions for their sustainable growth and adoption. It emphasizes the need for a standardized approach across seven critical areas: monetary policy (minting/burning, reserve tracking), reserve asset verification, compliance (identity, regulatory rules), interoperability (cross-chain functionality), privacy (confidential transactions), fees and yield generation (business models), and roles/events (governance and transparency). The author argues that while some aspects, like mint/burn functions, are mature enough for standardization, others, such as privacy and compliance, require further industry consensus. The paper highlights the importance of transparency in reserve assets, the potential for yield-bearing stablecoins despite regulatory skepticism, and the role of interoperability protocols like Chainlink CCIP. Ultimately, it calls for coordinated development to avoid fragmentation and ensure stablecoins can fulfill their promise as a foundational element of on-chain finance.
·kcl.ac.uk·
What is the future of stablecoins and how do we get there?
How stablecoins become money: Liquidity, sovereignty, and credit
How stablecoins become money: Liquidity, sovereignty, and credit
A16zcrypto published a paper that explores how stablecoins can evolve into a mainstream form of money by addressing three key challenges: ensuring the "singleness of money" (1:1 interchangeability with traditional currency), integrating dollar stablecoins into non-dollar economies without undermining local monetary policies, and managing the collateral and credit implications of large-scale stablecoin adoption. It highlights the need for universal at-par conversion systems, local stablecoin solutions, and innovative collateral models (like tokenized deposits or diversified assets) to maintain economic dynamism. The author argues that stablecoins, with their speed, low cost, and programmability, can revolutionize finance but require careful design and regulatory collaboration to mitigate risks like liquidity fragmentation, reduced monetary sovereignty, and disruptions to credit markets.
·a16zcrypto.com·
How stablecoins become money: Liquidity, sovereignty, and credit
South Korea Unveils Digital Asset Basic Act for Stablecoin Issuance
South Korea Unveils Digital Asset Basic Act for Stablecoin Issuance
South Korea’s ruling Democratic Party has introduced the Digital Asset Basic Act, designed to regulate and promote the issuance of stablecoins by domestic companies with at least 500 million won in equity capital. The bill requires issuers to maintain reserves to guarantee refunds and obtain approval from the Financial Services Commission, shifting oversight away from the central bank to the financial regulator. This move, championed by newly elected President Lee Jae-myung, aims to boost transparency, foster competition, and keep national wealth within Korea by reducing reliance on foreign stablecoins, as trading volumes in the country have soared to 57 trillion won in early 2025.
·fintechnews.hk·
South Korea Unveils Digital Asset Basic Act for Stablecoin Issuance
The Role of Stablecoins in European Financial Sovereignty
The Role of Stablecoins in European Financial Sovereignty
The Digital Euro Association (DEA) published a paper that examines how the growing $225 billion stablecoin market impacts European financial sovereignty across four critical dimensions: monetary, payments, regulatory, and digital sovereignty. With stablecoins processing over $7 trillion (adjusted volume) in the last 12 months, rivaling established payment networks, Europe sovereignty faces both opportunities and challenges. The research introduces a novel analytical framework and demonstrates that well-regulated euro stablecoins could strengthen European autonomy, while unmanaged foreign alternatives pose sovereignty challenges.
·home.digital-euro-association.de·
The Role of Stablecoins in European Financial Sovereignty
Stablecoins and safe asset prices
Stablecoins and safe asset prices
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published a paper that examines the impact of dollar-backed stablecoin flows on short-term US Treasury yields using daily data from 2021 to 2025. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that a 2-standard deviation inflow into stablecoins lowers 3-month Treasury yields by 2-2.5 basis points within 10 days, with limited to no spillover effects on longer tenors. It also finds evidence of asymmetric effects: stablecoin outflows raise yields by two to three times as much as inflows lower them. Decomposing the yield impact by issuer shows that USDT (Tether) has the largest contribution followed by USDC (Circle), consistent with their relative size.
·bis.org·
Stablecoins and safe asset prices
FCA seeks further views on stablecoins and crypto custody
FCA seeks further views on stablecoins and crypto custody
The UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) published a consultation paper that outlines a proposed regulatory framework for the issuance of fiat-referenced stablecoins and the custody of qualifying crypto-assets. The framework focuses on establishing clear rules to ensure the stability, transparency, and redemption rights of stablecoins, mandating that issuers back tokens 1:1 with secure, liquid assets held in statutory trust by independent custodians. Custodians must also segregate and safeguard client assets under trust arrangements. The proposals aim to enhance consumer protection, market integrity, and innovation, while aligning with global standards. The FCA plans further consultations on conduct, prudential, and governance standards, and encourages industry feedback by July 31, 2025.
·fca.org.uk·
FCA seeks further views on stablecoins and crypto custody
Circle Files IPO on NYSE at $6.7 Billion Valuation
Circle Files IPO on NYSE at $6.7 Billion Valuation
USDC stablecoin issuer Circle filed paperwork with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to offer 24 million shares for $24 to $26 each. The firm is targeting a $6.7 billion fully diluted valuation. Circle is expected to trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker CRCL. USDC was launched by Circle and Coinbase in 2018 via the Centre Consortium. Coinbase, which went public in 2021, took an equity stake in Circle in August 2023 amid the dissolution of the consortium. In April, Bloomberg reported that Ripple made a $4-5 billion offer for Circle, but was rebuffed due to the offer being too low. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250526853758/en/Circle-Launches-Initial-Public-Offering
·decrypt.co·
Circle Files IPO on NYSE at $6.7 Billion Valuation
USDF Consortium Reportedly Shuttered
USDF Consortium Reportedly Shuttered
The USDF Consortium, launched in 2022 to create a US dollar stablecoin-based interbank payment system on a permissionless blockchain, has reportedly closed down. The original idea was that its USDF tokens would be redeemable at any of the participant community banks. The banks involved were New York Community Bank, Synovus, Bank, Sterling National Bank, FirstBank, and NBH Bank. Under regulatory pressure, it moved to a private chain until it became clear that regulators still didn’t want it to proceed and so it reportedly shuttered late last year. However, its website (usdfconsortium.com) is currently displaying a "maintenance mode is on... site will be available soon" message, so maybe it's not so dead?
·ledgerinsights.com·
USDF Consortium Reportedly Shuttered
Big Banks Explore Venturing Into Crypto World Together With Joint Stablecoin
Big Banks Explore Venturing Into Crypto World Together With Joint Stablecoin
According to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) a consortium of the biggest U.S. banks, including Bank of America, Citigroup JP Morgan Chase, and Wells Fargo, are in the early conceptual stages of exploring issuing a joint stablecoin. Early Warning Services, the operator of the Zelle peer-to-peer payment system, and The Clearing House payments network, are also reportedly involved. Early Warning Services, which runs the Zelle instant payments system, is owned by Bank of America, Capital One, JP Morgan Chase, PNC Bank, Truist, U.S. Bank and Wells Fargo. The Clearing House is owned by 22 banks which include the same ones as Early Warning Services, but also Bank of New York, Citigroup and many international banks such as Barclays, Deutsche Bank, HSBC and Santander.
·wsj.com·
Big Banks Explore Venturing Into Crypto World Together With Joint Stablecoin
Hong Kong passes stablecoin bill, one step closer to issuance
Hong Kong passes stablecoin bill, one step closer to issuance
Hong Kong's legislature passed the Stablecoin Bill that establishes a licensing regime for fiat-referenced stablecoin issuers in Hong Kong, providing regulatory clarity for upcoming stablecoin issuers. Under the new regime, any person who issues stablecoins in Hong Kong - or issues stablecoins backed by Hong Kong dollars, whether within or outside the city - must obtain a license from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA). The relevant parties must satisfy the requirements in areas such as reserve asset management and redemption, including proper segregation of client assets, maintaining a robust stabilization mechanism, and processing stablecoin holders’ requests for redemption at par value with reasonable conditions. They must also comply with requirements in relation to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing, risk management, disclosure and auditing, and fitness and propriety. The ordinance is expected to come into effect by the end of 2025. https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2025/05/20250521/20250521_170205_430.html
·reuters.com·
Hong Kong passes stablecoin bill, one step closer to issuance
Stablecoin Self-Regulation
Stablecoin Self-Regulation
The paper "Stablecoin Self-Regulation" by Federal Reserve Board (FRB) Principal Economist Francesca Carapella proposes a self-enforcing, market-based alternative to traditional regulation for addressing the fragility of stablecoin issuers. It models an economy where stablecoins and banks coexist, both facing limited commitment to redeem liabilities. To mitigate this, the author introduces a voluntary, two-part mechanism: (1) a loss mutualization fund and (2) costly one-period membership titles that issuers must purchase to insure their obligations. This structure aligns with how central counterparties (CCPs) manage risk. The paper finds that this self-regulatory approach can improve financial stability more effectively than current legislative proposals, which often ignore the indirect impact of regulation on traditional financial institutions and lack key disciplining features. Notably, integrating stablecoin issuers under bank regulation may reduce banks' incentive to offer insured deposits, potentially increasing systemic risk.
·papers.ssrn.com·
Stablecoin Self-Regulation
Stablecoin Sector Analysis
Stablecoin Sector Analysis
Coinmetrics published a report that report that examines the stablecoin sector, now over $230 billion in total market cap, and break down the wide range of stablecoin types, reserve models, issuing entities, and blockchain networks facilitating their use. It maps the evolving stablecoin landscape, identify key use cases, and assess the opportunities and risks that lie ahead.
·coinmetrics.substack.com·
Stablecoin Sector Analysis
Stripe accelerates the utility of stablecoins
Stripe accelerates the utility of stablecoins
Stripe launched Stablecoin Financial Accounts, new money management capabilities powered by stablecoins, which will be accessible to businesses in 101 countries. This comes three months after Stripe completed its acquisition of stablecoin platform Bridge. With these new accounts, businesses will be able to hold a balance in stablecoins, receive funds on both crypto and fiat rails (like ACH and SEPA), and send stablecoins almost anywhere in the world. These accounts will allow entrepreneurs in countries with volatile currencies to hedge against inflation and more easily access the global economy. Stripe will start by supporting two dollar-denominated stablecoins—USDC and Bridge’s USDB—and plans to add others over time.
·stripe.com·
Stripe accelerates the utility of stablecoins
An empirical analysis of cross-border Bitcoin, Ether and stablecoin flows
An empirical analysis of cross-border Bitcoin, Ether and stablecoin flows
The BIS published the results of an empirical investigation of trends and drivers of cross-border flows of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC) between 184 countries from 2017 to 2024. These flows are substantial, peaking at around $2.6 trillion in 2021, with the two stablecoins (USDT and USDC) accounting for close to half the volume. The unique bilateral data allow for the estimation the drivers of these flows in a gravity framework, and how they differ across different types of crypto-assets. The findings highlight speculative motives and global funding conditions as key drivers of native crypto-asset flows. Transactional motives play a significant role in cross-border flows for stablecoins and low-value BTC transactions, where a strong association with higher costs of traditional remittances is found.
·bis.org·
An empirical analysis of cross-border Bitcoin, Ether and stablecoin flows
Kyrgyzstan's Gold-Backed USD-Pegged Stablecoin USDKG to Debut in Q3
Kyrgyzstan's Gold-Backed USD-Pegged Stablecoin USDKG to Debut in Q3
The Kyrgyz Ministry of Finance reportedly plans to launch a gold-backed stablecoin pegged 1:1 to the U.S. dollar in Q3 2025. The Gold Dollar (USDKG) will initially be backed by $500 million and be designed to facilitate seamless cross-border transfers. The Ministry aims to expand the gold reserves to as much as $2 billion, with independent audits planned to ensure trust and transparency in the collateral backing. All operational responsibilities—including gold custody, collateralization processes, and token issuance controls— will be handled by an independent Kyrgyz-registered private entity. https://www.usdkg.com/
·coindesk.com·
Kyrgyzstan's Gold-Backed USD-Pegged Stablecoin USDKG to Debut in Q3
The Stablecoin Wars
The Stablecoin Wars
Forbes published an article by Christian Catalini that examines the intensifying competition in the stablecoin market, where companies like PayPal, Coinbase, Circle, Tether, and even traditional financial giants like Visa and Mastercard are vying for dominance. Drawing an analogy to the commoditization of electricity, Catalini argues that stablecoins risk becoming undifferentiated utilities, with margins squeezed by competition and regulatory pressures. The two primary revenue levers for issuers -- reserve yields and transaction fees -- are both under threat as users demand higher returns and payment rails become commoditized. The "stablecoin sandwich" model (converting local currency to stablecoins for cross-border transfers, then back to local currency) represents current momentum, but Catalini predicts that only institutions closest to central banking, like banks themselves, will ultimately have the cost advantage in minting stablecoins. He concludes that the real winners won't necessarily be those creating the best stablecoins, but rather those controlling the distribution channels—the wallets, apps, and merchant relationships—through which these digital currencies flow.
·forbes.com·
The Stablecoin Wars
Ripple $4B-$5B reported bid to purchase Circle rejected
Ripple $4B-$5B reported bid to purchase Circle rejected
Ripple has reportedly bid up to $5 billion in an effort to acquire stablecoin issuer Circle, but the offer was rejected because it was too low. The reported attempt came less than 30 days after Circle applied for an initial public offering (IPO) in the US. Ripple reportedly had an $11 billion valuation in 2024, an estimate CEO Brad Garlinghouse called “outdated” as of January. The blockchain company purchased prime broker Hidden Road for roughly $1.2 billion in April, claiming the move would help scale activity for XRP and XRP Ledger.
·cointelegraph.com·
Ripple $4B-$5B reported bid to purchase Circle rejected
UK Treasury Unveils Draft Cryptoasset Regulations, Seeks Feedback by May 2025
UK Treasury Unveils Draft Cryptoasset Regulations, Seeks Feedback by May 2025
"The UK Treasury (HMT) published a draft Statutory Instrument (SI) and a Policy Note detailing the UK’s upcoming financial services regulatory framework for crypto-assets, including stablecoins. Following proposals outlined in October 2023 and reaffirmed in November 2024, the draft SI establishes new regulated activities, such as operating crypto-asset trading platforms and issuing stablecoins, mandating authorization and oversight by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). The Policy Note clarifies the intended policy outcomes, with additional provisions for market abuse and admissions and disclosures regimes to follow. The UK Treasury welcomes technical feedback on the draft SI until May 23, 2025, to refine the regulations." https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-cryptoasset-rules-to-drive-growth-and-protect-consumers
·news.bitcoin.com·
UK Treasury Unveils Draft Cryptoasset Regulations, Seeks Feedback by May 2025
Stablecoins and Crypto Shocks: An Update
Stablecoins and Crypto Shocks: An Update
The New York Federal Reserve Bank (NY Fed) published an article that discusses the evolution and growth of stablecoins, noting their significant increase in market capitalization since 2019, primarily concentrated in Tether and USDCoin. It highlights a shift in collateral towards U.S. Treasury securities and reverse repurchase agreements and finds that stablecoins, especially riskier ones, experience capital inflows following large increases in bitcoin prices, reflecting a link between stablecoin demand and overall crypto ecosystem activity, which updates previous findings about outflows during negative bitcoin price shocks for riskier stablecoins.
·libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org·
Stablecoins and Crypto Shocks: An Update
Mastercard unveils end-to-end capabilities to power stablecoin transactions
Mastercard unveils end-to-end capabilities to power stablecoin transactions
"Mastercard is advancing the future of payments, finance and technology with new, global end-to-end stablecoin acceptance and payments capabilities, to ensure that people and businesses can make and receive stablecoin payments – anytime, anywhere. While banks and fintechs are increasingly engaging with solutions built on stablecoins, global ubiquity and scale is contingent on everyday utility, seamless integration into existing financial systems, and an intuitive user experience. To allow consumers and businesses to use stablecoins as easily as the money in their bank accounts, Mastercard is providing an integrated, 360-degree approach..."The company has partnered with a host of crypto natives such as MetaMask, Kraken, Gemini, Bybit, Crypto.com and Binance on wallet enablement and card issuance and acceptance. Now it is working with OKX to launch the OKX Card.
·mastercard.com·
Mastercard unveils end-to-end capabilities to power stablecoin transactions
Stripe starts testing stablecoin product based on Bridge
Stripe starts testing stablecoin product based on Bridge
"Last year Stripe spent $1.1 billion acquiring Bridge, the company that provides cross border API infrastructure for stablecoin payments. On April 25, 2025 a member of Stripe’s crypto product team, Jennifer Lee, announced on X that the company is starting to test its Bridge-based product and invited companies outside the US, UK and EU who want to access dollars. She didn’t mention which stablecoins solutions would be offered initially."
·ledgerinsights.com·
Stripe starts testing stablecoin product based on Bridge
Caitlin Long slams US Fed over stablecoin policy favoring big banks
Caitlin Long slams US Fed over stablecoin policy favoring big banks
Unlike the other U.S. banking regulators, the Fed did not roll back its guidance that blocks banks from engaging directly with crypto-assets. This creates operational challenges for banks looking to offer crypto custody services, particularly around covering gas fees for on-chain transactions — a standard practice for crypto custodians but restricted under guidance that was left in place. The Fed also continues to prohibit banks from issuing stablecoins on permissionless blockchains, while the other regulatory agencies rolled that back. https://x.com/CaitlinLong_/status/1916570716880933266
·cointelegraph.com·
Caitlin Long slams US Fed over stablecoin policy favoring big banks
U.S. FRB withdraws guidance for banks related to their crypto activities
U.S. FRB withdraws guidance for banks related to their crypto activities
The U.S. Federal Reserve Board (FRB) rescinded its 2022 supervisory letter establishing an expectation that the banks it regulates and supervises provide advance notification of planned or current crypto-asset activities. As a result, the FRB will no longer expect banks to provide notification and will instead monitor banks' crypto-asset activities through the normal supervisory process. The FRB is also rescinding its 2023 supervisory letter regarding the supervisory nonobjection process for state member bank engagement in dollar token activities.
·federalreserve.gov·
U.S. FRB withdraws guidance for banks related to their crypto activities
PayPal Unlocks Rewards for Holding PayPal USD
PayPal Unlocks Rewards for Holding PayPal USD
Starting in Summer 2025, PayPal will pay U.S. users 3.7% annually in rewards on holdings of PayPal USD (PYUSD) in their PayPal or Venmo wallets. Users will be able to immediately use any rewards received to send to other users, fund international transfers, exchange for fiat, or make purchases at millions of merchants with PayPal Checkout.
·newsroom.paypal-corp.com·
PayPal Unlocks Rewards for Holding PayPal USD