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Chilean Central Bank to Start CBDC Proof-of-Concept Work (BCCh)
Chilean Central Bank to Start CBDC Proof-of-Concept Work (BCCh)

[August 5, 2025] The Central Bank of Chile (BCCh) published its annual payment systems report in which it announced that it will develop a proof-of-concept (POC) to study the technology behind a central bank digital currency (CBDC) by the end of 2025. The POC will involve controlled testing and simulated transactions in which the BCCh will be the sole participant. The BCCh began its CBDC work in 2021, and in March 2024 it published a report in which it gave an account of lessons learned from different stakeholders. [Source: BCCh]

·bcentral.cl·
Chilean Central Bank to Start CBDC Proof-of-Concept Work (BCCh)
Tether Unveils its USA₮ U.S.-Regulated Dollar-Backed Stablecoin (Tether)
Tether Unveils its USA₮ U.S.-Regulated Dollar-Backed Stablecoin (Tether)
Tether will issue a new U.S.-regulated stablecoin called USAT, designed to comply with the GENIUS Act. The token, to be issued by Anchorage Digital and leveraging Tether’s proprietary Hadron tokenization platform, is expected to launch by year’s end and will focus on use cases distinct from Tether’s existing USDT. The move marks a major expansion of Tether’s presence in the U.S., following its recent efforts to comply with anti-money laundering and audit requirements. [Source: Tether]
·tether.io·
Tether Unveils its USA₮ U.S.-Regulated Dollar-Backed Stablecoin (Tether)
ING Said to Be Working on a New Stablecoin With Other TradFi and Crypto Firms (Coindesk)
ING Said to Be Working on a New Stablecoin With Other TradFi and Crypto Firms (Coindesk)
[April 12, 2025] Dutch bank ING is reportedly developing a stablecoin in collaboration with other banks and crypto service providers, aiming to leverage the new European cryptocurrency regulations under the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regime. This project could take a consortium form, but progress is slow due to the need for board approvals at multiple institutions. ING’s entry would mean new competition for Société Générale, which already offers a euro stablecoin, and reflects broader institutional interest following regulatory clarity in Europe. [Source: Coindesk]
·coindesk.com·
ING Said to Be Working on a New Stablecoin With Other TradFi and Crypto Firms (Coindesk)
Retailer Stablecoins (David Birch)
Retailer Stablecoins (David Birch)
David Birch posted an article that discusses how major retailers like Walmart and Amazon are exploring issuing their own stablecoins to bypass traditional payment systems and reduce transaction fees, potentially threatening banks' role in payments. Walmart, a key example, has already integrated real-time bank-to-bank payments via its OnePay app and is pushing for faster, instant payments to cut costs and enhance customer experience. The piece notes that retailers, with their massive scale, could benefit from lower payment processing fees and may use stablecoins or direct pay-by-bank methods, with broader adoption spurred by systems like FedNow. It also highlights retailers’ broader fintech ambitions—such as AI shopping assistants, metaverse initiatives, and enabling global transactions for small businesses—arguing these may reshape retail and loyalty. For banks, the article warns that stablecoins could draw deposit funds away, with significant consumer balances already moving to fintech accounts and app wallets, and suggests banks must shift to offering value-added services around identity and data rather than relying on shrinking transaction margins. [Source: David Birch]
·dgwbirch.substack.com·
Retailer Stablecoins (David Birch)
Bolivian Central Bank to Publish CBDC White Paper (Vision360)
Bolivian Central Bank to Publish CBDC White Paper (Vision360)
Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) reportedly will publish a white paper on a prospective digital boliviano central bank digital currency (CBDC) by the end of September 2025. Motivations for this investigation include modernizing the domestic payment systems and facilitating cross-border transactions. While the BCB is late to the game, central bank officials emphasize that they have completed the necessary groundwork. [Source: Vision360]
·vision360.bo·
Bolivian Central Bank to Publish CBDC White Paper (Vision360)
Federal Reserve Board Payments Innovation Conference (FRB)
Federal Reserve Board Payments Innovation Conference (FRB)
The U.S. Federal Reserve Board (FRB) will host a conference on payments innovation on October 21, 2025, to bring together a range of interested parties to discuss how to further innovate and improve the payments system. The conference will feature panel discussions on the convergence of traditional and decentralized finance, emerging stablecoin use cases and business models, the intersection of artificial intelligence and payments, and the tokenization of financial products and services. [Source: FRB]
·federalreserve.gov·
Federal Reserve Board Payments Innovation Conference (FRB)
ECB President Calls to Address Risks from Non-EU Stablecoins (Cointelegraph)
ECB President Calls to Address Risks from Non-EU Stablecoins (Cointelegraph)
European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde called for stronger regulation of non-EU stablecoins, warning that gaps in oversight could threaten European Union (EU) financial stability. The EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) addresses some of these risks by requiring stablecoin issuers to allow redemption at par value and to hold substantial bank reserves. However, there are gaps, especially with multi-issuer stablecoins involving both EU and non-EU entities. In such cases in the event of a run, investors would naturally prefer to redeem in the jurisdiction with the strongest safeguards, which is likely to be the EU, where MiCAR also prohibits redemption fees. But the reserves held in the EU may not be sufficient to meet such concentrated demand. She calls for stronger, coordinated international regulatory safeguards to prevent regulatory arbitrage and ensure stability. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2025/html/ecb.sp250903~10647505c7.en.html
·cointelegraph.com·
ECB President Calls to Address Risks from Non-EU Stablecoins (Cointelegraph)
Turkish Central Bank Call to Join the Digital Lira Project (CBRT)
Turkish Central Bank Call to Join the Digital Lira Project (CBRT)
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) announced an open call for private sector entities to join the second phase of its Digital Turkish Lira Research and Development Project. The focus will be on developing innovative central bank digital currency (CBDC) applications in such areas as tokenization, programmable payments, self-sovereign identity, interoperability with existing systems, and machine-to-machine payments. Selected applicants will be invited to participate in sandbox experiments with the CBRT and its technology partners, furthering the development of digital currency infrastructure in Turkey. [Source: CBRT]
·tcmb.gov.tr·
Turkish Central Bank Call to Join the Digital Lira Project (CBRT)
Stablecoins are not the future of international payments
Stablecoins are not the future of international payments
The Banker published an article by Ousmene Mandeng that contends that stablecoins are unlikely to become the standard for international payments due to their inability to pay interest, exposure to issuer and credit risks, and a lack of proven efficacy in cross-border settlements. Instead, it advocates for tokenised money market fund shares as a superior alternative. These blockchain-based instruments offer direct claims on underlying assets, reduced risks, and regular interest payments, making them safer and more efficient for foreign exchange and international payment settlements. The piece concludes that while regulatory and operational changes are needed, tokenised funds are better positioned than stablecoins to meet the demands of future global payments.
·thebanker.com·
Stablecoins are not the future of international payments
Japan Post Bank to Consider Handling Tokenized Deposits (JPB)
Japan Post Bank to Consider Handling Tokenized Deposits (JPB)
Japan Post Bank (JPB) is considering offering blockchain-based tokenized deposits to customers by March 31, 2026 (the end of its fiscal year), aiming to enable instant and transparent settlement of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and securities tokens. They will be eligible for deposit insurance. They will use a platform provided by DeCurret DCP. [Source: JPB]
·jp-bank.japanpost.jp·
Japan Post Bank to Consider Handling Tokenized Deposits (JPB)
Is Programmable CBDC Money from an Ontology of Money Perspective? (Safe Bank)
Is Programmable CBDC Money from an Ontology of Money Perspective? (Safe Bank)
A paper by Łukasz Hardt explores various philosophical theories about the nature of money and examines how these theories impact our understanding and development of programmable Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). It compares traditional and contemporary ontological perspectives, such as commodity-based, social constructivist, and abstract views of money, and discusses their relevance for digital innovations in central banking. By connecting theory to recent technological advances, the article highlights that a clear grasp of money’s fundamental nature is crucial for designing effective and widely accepted programmable CBDCs. [Source: Safe Bank]
·ojs.bfg.pl·
Is Programmable CBDC Money from an Ontology of Money Perspective? (Safe Bank)
Bank of Korea Plans to Use CBDC to Distribute Government Subsidies (Hankook)
Bank of Korea Plans to Use CBDC to Distribute Government Subsidies (Hankook)
The Bank of Korea reportedly plans to use wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) to back the distribution of over $79 billion in government subsidies in the second phase of the "Han River Project". This move, proposed by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, is aimed at making subsidy payments more efficient and transparent by issuing CBDC-based tokenized bank deposits to contractors instead of traditional vouchers or bank transfers. By leveraging blockchain technology, the initiative seeks to reduce fraud and improve the tracking of public funds, and it marks a significant shift from a previous pause in CBDC testing.[Source: Hankook]
·hankookilbo.com·
Bank of Korea Plans to Use CBDC to Distribute Government Subsidies (Hankook)
Implications of Financial Architecture Change (SNB)
Implications of Financial Architecture Change (SNB)
Dirk Niepelt presented a paper at a Swiss National Bank (SNB) seminar that examines how shifts such as the introduction of retail central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and private currencies can impact the economy. The paper identifies specific conditions—such as policy design, transfer mechanisms, and bank lending support—under which these changes can occur without altering real economic outcomes, a concept termed as “neutrality.” It argues that while a neutral transition to CBDCs is feasible through careful management, introducing private currencies poses greater challenges, often resulting in significant effects on resource allocation and market equilibrium. Ultimately, the economic impact of such financial innovation is not predetermined but depends on policy choices, institutional constraints, and underlying financial frictions. [Source: SNB]
·snb.ch·
Implications of Financial Architecture Change (SNB)
Platform Money
Platform Money
The CEPR published a paper that explores how digital platforms can gain a strategic edge over traditional markets by issuing their own private digital money (such as platform tokens), enabling them to set their own rates of inflation and extract revenue via seignorage in addition to user fees. The authors use a two-sided market model to show that platform-controlled money, coupled with superior matching technology, allows platforms to attract more buyers and sellers, optimize market interactions, and potentially increase social welfare—although this depends on consumer sensitivity to inflation and technological advantages. Ultimately, the study suggests that platform money alters market competition, with platforms potentially yielding efficiency improvements but also introducing costs that require thoughtful regulation. [Source: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5221959
·cepr.org·
Platform Money
The GENIUS Act is Now Law. What’s Missing? (MIT DCI)
The GENIUS Act is Now Law. What’s Missing? (MIT DCI)

The MIT Digital Currency Initiative (DCI) published a critique of the recently passed GENIUS Act, the first U.S. federal law regulating payment stablecoins. While the Act establishes redemption requirements and sets a framework for compliance, it leaves unresolved issues around maintaining stablecoin value in secondary markets, technical interoperability, and regulatory standards for security and smart contracts. The law prohibits issuers from paying interest and introduces ambiguities in its scope—especially regarding new stablecoin models and decentralized systems. Ultimately, although the GENIUS Act represents a major policy advance, unresolved policy, technical, and regulatory questions may impact both users and the future growth of stablecoins in the U.S. [Source: MIT DCI]

·dci.mit.edu·
The GENIUS Act is Now Law. What’s Missing? (MIT DCI)
Strategic Digitization in Currency and Payment Competition (JFE)
Strategic Digitization in Currency and Payment Competition (JFE)
The Journal of Financial Economics (JFE) published an article that analyzes how competition from private digital money (like cryptocurrencies and stablecoins) and foreign currencies is driving national governments to digitize their own currencies and modernize payment systems. The authors find that less-dominant currencies tend to digitize faster to gain a competitive edge, while dominant ones like the U.S. dollar delay action until truly threatened. If governments hesitate too long, private digital money can take over, reducing the role of traditional fiat currencies in global payments. The study highlights that regulation, public–private partnerships, and strategic timing all impact this competition, and achieving efficient outcomes will require cross-border cooperation. Ultimately, the enduring significance of fiat currencies in digital payments depends on strategic, timely, and coordinated digitization by governments.
·sciencedirect.com·
Strategic Digitization in Currency and Payment Competition (JFE)
Stablecoins are Mainstream (David G.W. Birch)
Stablecoins are Mainstream (David G.W. Birch)
David G.W. Birch argues that stablecoins, especially dollar-backed tokens like USDT and USDC, have transitioned from a crypto niche to a mainstream financial tool used for global commerce, payroll, and remittances. Birch notes that stablecoins' growing role in cross-border payments and their increasing adoption by businesses have significant implications for both the private sector and public policy, especially as regulators and central banks grapple with the challenges of monetary sovereignty and the rise of public digital currencies. He advocates for nuanced regulation and recognizing stablecoins' transformative potential in the global financial system. [Source: David G.W. Birch]
·dgwbirch.substack.com·
Stablecoins are Mainstream (David G.W. Birch)
Retail CBDCs In Practice: The Experience of the Sanddollar, E-CNY and JAM-DEX (SSRN)
Retail CBDCs In Practice: The Experience of the Sanddollar, E-CNY and JAM-DEX (SSRN)
A team of central bankers posted a paper on SSRN that reviews reviews the practical rollout and early experiences of retail CBDCs in The Bahamas (SandDollar), China (e‑CNY), and Jamaica (JAM‑DEX®) as of August 2025, noting that early public uptake was modest but that more recent data point to a gradual increase in use. It finds no evidence of significant movement of bank deposits into these CBDCs, in part because they are used primarily as payment instruments rather than savings vehicles, and most transactions incur no fees for consumers or merchants, implying potential cost savings versus traditional alternatives. Each jurisdiction’s design reflects distinct policy goals—such as financial inclusion and payments modernization—implemented via two‑tier, account‑based structures with streamlined onboarding for the unbanked and a range of incentives to spur user and merchant adoption. The study underscores that clear public communication, market‑based incentives to secure private sector participation, and international peer learning are critical for success, and that while CBDCs still represent only a small share of total payments, they fill specific gaps and offer useful lessons for global policymakers. [Source: SSRN]
·papers.ssrn.com·
Retail CBDCs In Practice: The Experience of the Sanddollar, E-CNY and JAM-DEX (SSRN)
Stablecoins Could Increase Treasury Demand, but Only by Reducing Demand for Other Assets (Kansas City Fed)
Stablecoins Could Increase Treasury Demand, but Only by Reducing Demand for Other Assets (Kansas City Fed)
The U.S. Kansas City Fed published an article that explains that stablecoin issuers may become significant buyers of U.S. Treasury securities, but the funds used to buy stablecoins would largely come from existing sources like bank deposits. This shift could reduce banks’ capacity to lend, since stablecoin issuers do not extend traditional loans, and the increase in Treasury demand would largely offset a decrease in other asset demand, such as loans. Ultimately, the overall effect on Treasury demand will depend on what existing assets people liquidate to buy stablecoins, and while Treasury demand may rise, it will likely be at the expense of other financial assets. [Source: Kansas City Fed]
·kansascityfed.org·
Stablecoins Could Increase Treasury Demand, but Only by Reducing Demand for Other Assets (Kansas City Fed)
Crypto, Tokenisation, and the Future of Payments
Crypto, Tokenisation, and the Future of Payments
The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) published a policy paper by Stephen Cecchetti and Kermit Schoenholtz that explains how recent US government efforts aim to establish the US as a global leader in crypto and digital payments. The paper analyzes the three core digital technologies transforming finance: blockchain, distributed ledgers, and particularly tokenisation (the creation of unique, programmable digital assets). It argues that while crypto, especially stablecoins, is gaining policy support, its practical use as a payment vehicle outside of crypto niches remains limited by costs, volatility, and regulatory gaps. Tokenised deposits and money market funds from well-regulated institutions offer stronger protections, interest, and global integration, making them likely to dominate the future of digital payments. The paper warns that growing links between crypto and traditional finance could create new systemic risks and regulatory challenges, and ultimately, broad-based adoption of tokenised assets—not stablecoins—is likely to drive the next payments revolution. [Read more at the CEPR]
·cepr.org·
Crypto, Tokenisation, and the Future of Payments
Point-of-Sale Integration: The Hidden Catalyst to CBDC Adoption
Point-of-Sale Integration: The Hidden Catalyst to CBDC Adoption
OMFIF interviewed G+D's Lars Hupel, who emphasizes that for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) to be widely adopted, seamless point-of-sale (POS) integration is essential. Rather than building new hardware, he suggests leveraging current POS devices and card payment infrastructures, updating them with software for CBDC compatibility. A key to merchant acceptance is providing commercial incentives like lower transaction or scheme fees, rather than relying on regulations such as mandatory acceptance. For users, CBDC payments should be as intuitive as current digital payments, prioritizing convenience and instant, possibly offline, settlement. Ultimately, Dr. Hupel argues that easy technical and commercial integration at POS is the hidden, but critical, catalyst for CBDC adoption, promising greater resilience and efficiency in retail payments.
·linkedin.com·
Point-of-Sale Integration: The Hidden Catalyst to CBDC Adoption
Results of the 2024 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies
Results of the 2024 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published its annual central bank digital currency (CBDC) survey. It found that 91% of the 93 central banks surveyed were actively exploring CBDCs in 2024, with wholesale CBDC development generally more advanced than retail versions. The primary motivation remains preserving the role of central bank money amid declining cash usage and rising asset tokenization, with over one-third of central banks accelerating their CBDC work in response to stablecoin developments. Significant differences exist between advanced economies and emerging market economies in terms of legal frameworks, design features, and use cases—with emerging economies more likely to have clear legal authority and consider features like distributed ledger technology. Simultaneously, 67% of jurisdictions now have enacted or are developing regulations for stablecoins and cryptoassets, while asset tokenization has gained traction in most advanced economies and one-third of emerging markets, particularly in bond markets, suggesting a coordinated evolution of both public and private digital money initiatives.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ [Read more at the BIS]
·bis.org·
Results of the 2024 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies
Circle Gateway: Redefining crosschain UX with a unified USDC balance (Circle)
Circle Gateway: Redefining crosschain UX with a unified USDC balance (Circle)
Circle has launched a unified cross-chain infrastructure that enables businesses to access USDC balances across multiple blockchains, without the need to pre-position funds on each chain. By combining smart contracts and an offchain attestation service, Gateway allows users to move USDC across supported chains (such as Ethereum, Arbitrum, and Base) in under 500 milliseconds, simplifying liquidity management, reducing costs, and eliminating slow multi-chain settlements. This solution is designed to streamline both user and business experience by offering chain-agnostic USDC balances, faster payments, and easier integration for wallets, custodians, payment providers, and exchanges. Read more at: https://www.circle.com/pt-br/blog/circle-gateway-redefining-crosschain-ux
·circle.com·
Circle Gateway: Redefining crosschain UX with a unified USDC balance (Circle)
Wyoming State Launches Frontier Stable Token (FRNT)
Wyoming State Launches Frontier Stable Token (FRNT)
The Wyoming Stable Token Commission has launched the first fully-reserved, U.S. state-backed stablecoin, with reserves held in U.S. dollars and Treasuries. The Frontier Stable Token's (FRNT's) stability is fortified with a legislatively-mandated remit to achieve 2% over-collateralization. It is initially available on seven blockchains, including Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon, and will soon be accessible on major platforms such as Kraken and Rain. The Commission has partnered with LayerZero for token issuance, Fireblocks for blockchain infrastructure, Franklin Advisers for reserves management, Inca Digital for open-source intelligence and The Network Firm for audits and monthly attestations. FRNT will be made available for purchase on the Solana blockchain through Wyoming-domiciled digital asset exchange Kraken, as well as Rain’s Visa-integrated card platform on the Avalanche blockchain. https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/WYGOV/bulletins/3ee734a
·coindesk.com·
Wyoming State Launches Frontier Stable Token (FRNT)
Digital Tenge Implementation in Public Spending
Digital Tenge Implementation in Public Spending

[July 10, 2025] National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK) Chief Digital Officer Binur Zhalenov posted an update on progress of the digital tenge implementation for public finance purposes. More than ten public spending use cases already tested — including Digital VAT refunds, targeted funding for road repairs, National Fund-financed projects, and cross-border payment scenarios. Integration models with government information systems are being developed — paving the way for full-scale operations by the end of 2025. New pilots include the “Safe Deal” for real estate and vehicles, voucher scheme for state support measures, lending to the agro-industrial complex, construction projects, and procurement of high-value goods (medical and IT equipment).

·linkedin.com·
Digital Tenge Implementation in Public Spending
Innovative Methods To Detect Illicit Activity Involving Digital Assets
Innovative Methods To Detect Illicit Activity Involving Digital Assets
The U.S. Department of the Treasury is inviting the public to provide input on the use of innovative or novel methods, techniques, or strategies to detect and mitigate illicit finance risks involving digital assets. This notice fulfills a requirement of the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act, which lists four specific technologies on which Treasury should seek comment (application program interfaces (APIs), artificial intelligence (AI), digital identity verification, and use of blockchain technology and monitoring). Consistent with the Act, the Treasury is directed evaluate and consider these tools’ effectiveness, costs, privacy implications, and implementation challenges.
·federalregister.gov·
Innovative Methods To Detect Illicit Activity Involving Digital Assets
Circle Launching Arc Open Layer-1 Blockchain
Circle Launching Arc Open Layer-1 Blockchain
Circle announced plans to launch a new stablecoin-focused, Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatible Layer 1 blockchain called Arc, which will use USDC as its native gas token. Aimed at supporting enterprise-grade stablecoin payments, FX, and capital markets, Arc promises features like a stablecoin FX engine, rapid sub-second settlement, opt-in privacy, seamless integration with Circle’s platform, and interoperability across other partner blockchains. The public testnet for Arc is expected to go live in the fall of 2025 and a mainnet beta in 2026.
·circle.com·
Circle Launching Arc Open Layer-1 Blockchain
Personal financial planning and the propensity of CBDC adoption
Personal financial planning and the propensity of CBDC adoption
A paper published in the International Journal of Bank Marketing explores how personal financial planning impacts individuals’ willingness to adopt central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), using survey data from Sweden and the UK. The research finds that individuals who engage in activities such as budgeting, tracking expenses or setting long-term goals are more likely to express interest in CBDC adoption. These behaviors, reflecting financial literacy and forward-looking decision-making, align with openness to innovative financial technologies, were strengthened by perceptions of security, safety, and trust in the new technology. Individuals who believe that CBDCs are secure and that their personal data will be protected are significantly more likely to adopt the technology. Socioeconomic factors like education and age, as well as personal attitudes toward technology and risk, also influence adoption.
·emerald.com·
Personal financial planning and the propensity of CBDC adoption
Public Attitudes Towards CBDC and the Role of Trust in the Central Bank
Public Attitudes Towards CBDC and the Role of Trust in the Central Bank
A forthcoming Bar Ilan University Faculty of Law Research Paper reports on the results of a multi-stage nationally-representatvie survey conducted in collaboration with the Bank of Israel on Israeli attitudes towards a possible digital shekel. The survey revealed that willingness to adopt was strongly correlated with trust in the central bank; respondents who expressed higher trust in the Bank of Israel were much more likely to intend to use the digital shekel. Interestingly, concerns about privacy were lower among Israelis compared to similar surveys in other countries, which may explain their relatively high acceptance. When asked about the most important features, respondents prioritized ease of use across payment scenarios, fraud protection, the ability to use the currency offline, absence of hidden fees, the option to earn interest, and above all, assurance that the central bank would not have access to personal transaction data. Overall, the survey highlights that while technical features matter, trust in the central bank is the most decisive factor influencing public willingness to adopt CBDC in Israel.
·papers.ssrn.com·
Public Attitudes Towards CBDC and the Role of Trust in the Central Bank
Digital Dollar: Privacy and Transparency Dilemma
Digital Dollar: Privacy and Transparency Dilemma
The University of California (UC) Law Journal published a paper by Jiaying Jiang that explores the debate around implementing central bank digital currency (CBDC), focusing on the tension between privacy and regulatory demands. The author argues that the prevailing fear of government surveillance is not a technical inevitability but a result of outdated anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) regulations. To address this, the paper proposes concrete solutions: modernizing AML/CFT rules to allow for limited, threshold-based anonymity in everyday CBDC transactions; updating institutional record-keeping and reporting so small or low-risk transfers can occur privately; adopting privacy-preserving technologies like token-based payment options and encryption; and introducing clear legal carve-outs that permit financial institutions to implement privacy-by-design features without breaching regulatory obligations. These reforms, the author contends, would enable a digital dollar that protects user privacy while still equipping authorities with the tools necessary for oversight and crime prevention—demonstrating that privacy and compliance can be achieved together through thoughtful legal and technical innovation.
·hastingslawjournal.org·
Digital Dollar: Privacy and Transparency Dilemma