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Fnality adds Goldman, BNP Paribas, DTCC in $95m funding round
Fnality adds Goldman, BNP Paribas, DTCC in $95m funding round
Goldman Sachs, BNP Paribas and DTCC joined Fnality's £77.7 million Series B funding round. Formerly called Utility Settlement Coin, Fnality plans to offer a wholesale payment and settlement platform using stablecoins backed by deposits at central banks. So far it's operational only in the U.K., where banks can transfer money from their Bank of England accounts to the Fnality UK central bank account where it’s tokenized. Because the money is tokenized it enables instant atomic securities transaction settlement. One of the intended use cases is cross currency payments, but that will need the cooperation of other central banks, which has been slow in coming. https://www.fnality.org/news-views/fnality-international-raises-77.7m-in-series-b-funding-round
·ledgerinsights.com·
Fnality adds Goldman, BNP Paribas, DTCC in $95m funding round
Global toolkit on regulatory sandbox for central bank digital currency
Global toolkit on regulatory sandbox for central bank digital currency
The United Nations has published a sandbox framework that maps out the steps and key elements for the designing and operationalizing central bank digital currency (CBDC). First a proof of concept (PoC) is used as part of the selection process for the CBDC issuing system, and then the sandbox is used to test the basic capabilities of the platform to issue CBDC securely. Then banks and other payment service providers (PSPs) are brought in to test settlement functions. When key criteria have been met, then the CBDC can be released for pilots with real CBDC for use with selected groups of users, merchants, and other stakeholders. The framework was developed in collaboration with the Maldives Monetary Authority, and the work goes back at least to September 2022.
·unescap.org·
Global toolkit on regulatory sandbox for central bank digital currency
China’s Digital Currency and Blockchain Network: Disparate Projects or Two Sides of the Same Coin?
China’s Digital Currency and Blockchain Network: Disparate Projects or Two Sides of the Same Coin?
“China is simultaneously developing two ambitious projects that aim to digitize key parts of its economy and, if successful, may have broad implications for economies beyond its borders. Often conflated, the Digital Yuan (数字人民币, shùzì rénmínbì, also known as e-CNY) and the Blockchain-based Service Network (BSN, 区块链服务网络, qūkuàiliàn fúwù wǎngluò) are distinct technologies—and the success of either is not uniquely predicated on that of the other. But experts, as well as the organizations spearheading these projects, suggest that they have the potential to augment one another in the future.”
·digichina.stanford.edu·
China’s Digital Currency and Blockchain Network: Disparate Projects or Two Sides of the Same Coin?
ECCB preparing to launch 'DCash 2.0'
ECCB preparing to launch 'DCash 2.0'
The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) is preparing for a full "commercial deployment" of DCash, the central bank digital currency (CBDC) it has been piloting since March 2021. Governor Timothy Antoine said the ECCB "intends to move forward with alacrity" on the CBDC project, "and will conclude its pilot [by end-2023] and launch DCash 2.0, which is commercial deployment".
·centralbanking.com·
ECCB preparing to launch 'DCash 2.0'
Large fiat-backed stablecoins depegged 600+ times in 2023
Large fiat-backed stablecoins depegged 600+ times in 2023
There have been 609 depegs among large cap fiat-backed stablecoins so far this year, according to Moody’s Analytics. Depegs are defined by the price of stablecoins fluctuating by more than three percent in a day against their fiat currency peg. Among a total of 1,914 depegs up to mid-September 2023, large cap stablecoins represented 609 depegs. By comparison, in 2022, there were 707 large cap depegs (including the top five stablecoins by market cap, including Ethereum blockchain’s DAI) and a total of 2,847 depegs.
·moodysanalytics.com·
Large fiat-backed stablecoins depegged 600+ times in 2023
EU Unveils Capital Requirements for Stablecoin Issuers
EU Unveils Capital Requirements for Stablecoin Issuers
The European Banking Authority (EBA) launched consultations on draft stablecoin regulatory requirements. Smaller stablecoins must hold at least 30% of their reserves at commercial banks (for significant stablecoins it’s 60%). (A significant stablecoin is one with at least €5 billion in reserves or more than ten million users.) Also, no more than 10% can be held at one bank (5% if the bank is a small one), and deposits from a single stablecoin can’t make up more than 2.5% of a bank’s assets. There are also rules on the maturity of assets. Plus there are requirements for non cash liquid assets (government, local or quasi-government debt) and restrictions on the maximum exposure to a single issuer. https://www.ledgerinsights.com/eu-stablecoin-reserves-consultation/
·financemagnates.com·
EU Unveils Capital Requirements for Stablecoin Issuers
Will the real stablecoin please stand up?
Will the real stablecoin please stand up?
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published a paper that provides an overview of the evolution of the stablecoin market and examines whether stablecoins are actually “stable”. It studies 68 stablecoins and shows that none of them have been able to maintain parity with their pegs at all times. Moreover, it argues that there is currently no guarantee that stablecoin issuers could redeem users’ stablecoins in full and on demand. For these reasons, it concludes that the current crop of stablecoins don’t meet the key criteria for being a safe store of value and a trustworthy means of payment in the real economy. The paper also highlights some significant data gaps.
·bis.org·
Will the real stablecoin please stand up?
SARB commences feasibility study for a retail CBDC
SARB commences feasibility study for a retail CBDC
[May 2021] "The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) has embarked on a study to investigate the feasibility, desirability and appropriateness of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as electronic legal tender, for general-purpose retail use, complementary to cash. A retail CBDC can be defined as a digital form of cash aimed at providing the best attributes of both cash and electronic payments."
·resbank.co.za·
SARB commences feasibility study for a retail CBDC
First official ECB mention of CBDC plans?
First official ECB mention of CBDC plans?
[January 2020] "In terms of the road ahead, the ECB will continue to assess the costs and benefits of issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) that would ensure that the general public remains able to use central bank money even if the use of physical cash eventually declines. However, the prospect of central bank initiatives should neither discourage nor crowd out private market-led solutions for fast and efficient retail payments in the euro area. We are looking closely into the feasibility and merits of a CBDC, also because it could have major implications for the financial sector and for the transmission of monetary policy. At the end of 2019 we created an expert task force at the ECB that will work closely with the national central banks to study the feasibility of a euro area CBDC in various forms, covering all the practical aspects, including how to minimise possible unintended side-effects."
·ecb.europa.eu·
First official ECB mention of CBDC plans?
Mastercard Shows How Existing Commercial Bank Rails Could Drive CBDC Adoption
Mastercard Shows How Existing Commercial Bank Rails Could Drive CBDC Adoption
"Mastercard has completed the Hong Kong Monetary Authority's (HKMA) e-HKD Pilot Programme, which demonstrated the efficacy of the Mastercard Multi-Token Network solution to settle Web3 transactions involving decentralized applications and digital assets, such as NFTs. The pilot also showcased the potential for seamless funding and settlement in and out of Web3 marketplaces via a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC), such as e-HKD in the future.
·prnewswire.com·
Mastercard Shows How Existing Commercial Bank Rails Could Drive CBDC Adoption
Proposed UK regulatory regime for systemic payment systems using stablecoins
Proposed UK regulatory regime for systemic payment systems using stablecoins
The Bank of England (BoE) published a discussion paper that sets out its proposed regulatory framework for systemic payment systems using sterling-denominated stablecoins and related service providers. It was published alongside a discussion paper from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) on their regulatory approach to stablecoin issuers and custodians, a letter from the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) to bank Chief Executive Officers on innovations in the use by banks of deposits, e-money and stablecoins, and a roadmap paper, which sets out how the various regimes interact together. Notably, the BoE discussion paper favors stablecoins fully backed by unremunerated central bank deposits as the most appropriate for systemic payment systems using stablecoins.
·bankofengland.co.uk·
Proposed UK regulatory regime for systemic payment systems using stablecoins
IMF update on its Peru CBDC technical assistance
IMF update on its Peru CBDC technical assistance
The IMF has been providing central bank digital currency (CBDC) technical assistance (TA) to the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú (BCRP) since 2021. The initial TA mission supported the central bank during the first phase of the project, which involved clarifying the context, key questions, and potential approaches to study a CBDC. The second phase started with the publication of a paper by the central bank. The white paper outlined the context, goals and challenges related to a potential CBDC in Peru. Consistent with recommendations from the first mission, the BCRP recognized the need to focus on an initial engagement with stakeholders, including representatives of the banking sector, payment service providers, and the fintech and technology sector.
·imf.org·
IMF update on its Peru CBDC technical assistance
ECB pushes back on commitment to immediate availability of offline digital euro
ECB pushes back on commitment to immediate availability of offline digital euro
The regulation proposed by the European Parliament and Council requires both online and offline digital euro payment transactions to be available on the first issuance of the digital euro. However, the European Central Bank (ECB) says that "further testing by the Eurosystem will be necessary to guarantee that all relevant digital euro models offer sufficient security and maturity… Enshrining the ECB's intent in a legally binding provision will constrain its capacity to react to the higher level of uncertainty that the offline digital euro model involves, as well as to react to exceptional circumstances necessitating an imminent issuance of any available model. If trade-offs that have not yet been identified arise, postponing the overall issuance of the digital euro would be the only option available to the ECB… For these reasons, the ECB invites the co-legislators to consider the imposition of a requirement upon the ECB to deliver both online and offline versions of the digital euro, coupled with a 'best efforts' provision under which the ECB would make available both online and offline models as of the first issuance of the digital euro."
·ecb.europa.eu·
ECB pushes back on commitment to immediate availability of offline digital euro
DEA statement on the digital euro project
DEA statement on the digital euro project
"The ECB mentions that a digital euro would address a market gap by providing a means of payment that is widely accepted, free for basic use, inclusive, secure, can operate offline and offers the highest possible protection of privacy. These features, however, are not sufficient to drive large-scale adoption - in particular, with a digital euro that has a relatively low account limit."
·blog.digital-euro-association.de·
DEA statement on the digital euro project
Who Needs an e-Yuan?
Who Needs an e-Yuan?
Christian Pfister and Nicolas de Sèze provide an historical overview of the People's Bank of China's (PBOC) e-Yuan project, putting it in political perspective, then present its main features. They recall the strategic objectives put forward by the PBOC, discuss them and ask whether other objectives may not matter more. They conclude that, although its role in increasing social welfare would be unclear, especially in view of the already high-level in the quality and quantity of payment services in China, the roll-out of a digital yuan could be useful for the Chinese government, especially in pursuing objectives which are not officially put forward.
·suerf.org·
Who Needs an e-Yuan?
The battle for control over the digital euro wallet
The battle for control over the digital euro wallet
Deutsche Bank staffers Manual Klein and Dr. Alexander Bechtel argue for greater control over the digital euro user interface by banks and payment providers rather than the European Central Bank (ECB). The draft digital euro laws require that the “app developed and provided by the ECB should serve as the dominant front end”. It says the private sector can provide alternatives, but it requires the ECB option always be offered to end users. Also, the ECB plans to provide a clearly defined range of functions for front ends, which will limit the ability of payment service providers and banks to develop their own solutions, and inhibit innovation going forward. https://www.faz.net/pro/d-economy/transformation/digitaler-euro-das-ezb-projekt-ist-mehr-als-nur-geld-19264685.html
·ledgerinsights.com·
The battle for control over the digital euro wallet
Zimbabwe makes foray into gold-backed CBDC
Zimbabwe makes foray into gold-backed CBDC
"The RBZ says that these tokens can be used for payments, with tokens available for purchase via banks, which will create dedicated e-gold wallets and cards to facilitate person-to-person or person-to-business payments, both online and offline. This is, in effect, a gold-backed central bank digital currency. The economics of gold as a defence against inflation are somewhat heterodox but not absurd. Introducing a CBDC is a complex business, however. Questions around implementation abound. Not only will the central bank have to retain the currency reserves to ensure that it can redeem the coins and tokens, it will also have to maintain the gold reserves backing the tokens."
·omfif.org·
Zimbabwe makes foray into gold-backed CBDC
Ripple to power Georgia’s central bank digital currency, the digital lari
Ripple to power Georgia’s central bank digital currency, the digital lari
The National Bank of Georgia (NBG) has selected Ripple Labs as its technology partner for developing a digital lari (GEL) central bank digital currency (CBDC). The proof-of-concept work will experiment with Ripple’s CBDC technology and evaluate the practical use cases to gauge potential benefits for the public sector, businesses and retail users. The NBG made the decision following a competition process, which consisted of two phases: submission of a Project Execution Plan (PEP) by nine shortlisted candidates in the first phase, and demonstration of their technology solutions in the second. https://nbg.gov.ge/en/media/news/ripple-the-flagship-international-company-becomes-the-technology-partner-for-the-digital
·cointelegraph.com·
Ripple to power Georgia’s central bank digital currency, the digital lari
Indian banks offer incentives to lift digital currency transactions
Indian banks offer incentives to lift digital currency transactions
Indian banks are reportedly offering incentives for conducting transactions using the e-rupee retail CBDC nudged by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to boost underwhelming transaction volumes. The incentives range from cash-backs to reward points, similar to those offered by the banks on credit and debit cards, they said. The RBI started e-rupee pilot program in December 2022 and is targeting a million transactions daily by end-2023. But retail transactions are still tracking below the target, averaging around 25,000 a day.
·reuters.com·
Indian banks offer incentives to lift digital currency transactions
SNB launches wholesale CBDC bond settlement pilot project
SNB launches wholesale CBDC bond settlement pilot project
The Swiss National Bank (SNB) and six commercial banks will launch a wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot project on December 1, 2023. Project Helvetia Phase III will test the settlement of tokenized bonds against SNB-issued wholesale CBDC on a delivery-versus-payment (DVP) basis on a distributed ledger technology (DLT) based platform run by the SIX Digital Exchange (SDX). The pilot, which will run until June 2024, will use the SNB's Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) payment infrastructure for the tokenization of central bank money and that of the SIX SIS central securities depository (CSD) for integration with the traditional bond settlement infrastructure. This follows up on the Phase I and II proof-of-concept (POC) work conducted with the BIS Innovation Hub between 2020 and 2022.
·snb.ch·
SNB launches wholesale CBDC bond settlement pilot project
10 reasons to fight cashless contagion
10 reasons to fight cashless contagion
"Cash can co-exist with cards and apps, and when kept in balance, the different forms of payment can complement each other. It’s only when that balance is removed that the dark side of digital payments gets to flourish. Unfortunately, across the world we’re seeing the spread of so-called ‘cashlessness’, a type of contagion in which the option to pay with non-corporate and non-automated money is incrementally taken away from you. The fight against cashless society, then, is a fight against a state of unbalance. I’ve campaigned on this for eight years now, and in this piece I’ll lay out 10 talking points that you can use to make even the most ardent card-tapper have second thoughts about a totally bank-dominated society."
·brettscott.substack.com·
10 reasons to fight cashless contagion
Korea Exchange, Bank of Korea to trial DLT, CBDC for carbon trading
Korea Exchange, Bank of Korea to trial DLT, CBDC for carbon trading
The Bank of Korea and Korea Exchange signed an agreement to collaborate in exploring distributed ledger technology (DLT) and central bank digital currency (CBDC) for carbon trading. Simulated trials will take place in the third and fourth quarters of 2024. Both organizations already have related programs. The Korea Exchange is currently conducting simulated DLT experiments and plans to support listed security tokens next year. The central bank said this trial would form part of its CBDC usability tests. However, both the exchange and central bank emphasized this is just a test. It will not impact the functioning of current carbon credit markets. http://www.bok.or.kr/portal/bbs/P0000559/view.do?menuNo=200690&nttId=10080261&pageIndex=1
·ledgerinsights.com·
Korea Exchange, Bank of Korea to trial DLT, CBDC for carbon trading
Update on plans for the regulation of fiat-backed stablecoins
Update on plans for the regulation of fiat-backed stablecoins
The U.K. HM Treasury published an update on its legislative approach for bringing fiat-backed stablecoins into the U.K. regulatory perimeter for financial services. It will inform development of the Financial Conduct Authority and Bank of England’s approaches for regulating stablecoin issuers and custodians, and systemic digital settlement asset payments systems and service providers respectively.
·gov.uk·
Update on plans for the regulation of fiat-backed stablecoins
The use of stablecoin arrangements in cross-border payments
The use of stablecoin arrangements in cross-border payments
The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) published a report on considerations and challenges regarding the use of stablecoin arrangements in cross-border payments. The paper acknowledges it’s possible that stablecoins might cut costs, speed up payments, encourage competition and improve transparency, no stablecoin arrangements yet exist that are deemed to be properly designed and regulated and fully compliant with all relevant regulatory requirements. Further, even if such stablecoin arrangements did exist and could help to address specific cross-border payment frictions, they might not necessarily positively impact cross-border payments as the drawbacks could outweigh any potential benefits.
·bis.org·
The use of stablecoin arrangements in cross-border payments
Bank of Spain Report: Most Spaniards Don't Want Digital Euro, 65% Would Not Use It
Bank of Spain Report: Most Spaniards Don't Want Digital Euro, 65% Would Not Use It
The Banco de España published the results of a survey that revealed the low preference that a potential digital euro would have compared to other payment alternatives. 65% of the Spanish population using cash daily. Credit and debit cards follow while payment apps and electronic payments are marginally used but growing in use. Only 20% of those surveyed had heard about a possible digital euro, and 65% said they would not use the digital euro as they feel comfortable with today’s available payment methods.
·news.bitcoin.com·
Bank of Spain Report: Most Spaniards Don't Want Digital Euro, 65% Would Not Use It
Project mBridge update: experimenting with a multi-CBDC platform for cross-border payments
Project mBridge update: experimenting with a multi-CBDC platform for cross-border payments

BIS mBridge cross border CBDC project has 23 central banks, IMF and World Bank as observers

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Hub published an update on its mBridge multiple central bank digital currency (multi-CBDC) common platform for wholesale cross-border payments. Project mBridge supports real-time, peer-to-peer, cross-border payments and foreign exchange transactions using wholesale CBDCs, focusing on the use case of international trade. In 2022, a pilot involving real corporate transactions was conducted on the platform among participating central banks, selected commercial banks and their corporate customers in four jurisdictions. A minimum viable project (MVP) will be launched in the middle of next year. The project is a collaborative effort of the BIS Innovation Hub, four founding central banks and over 25 observing members

·bis.org·
Project mBridge update: experimenting with a multi-CBDC platform for cross-border payments
HKMA publishes the e-HKD Pilot Program Phase 1 Report
HKMA publishes the e-HKD Pilot Program Phase 1 Report

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) published a report on the key findings, learnings, and assessments of the 14 pilots conducted by the 16 participating firms under Phase 1 of the e-HKD pilot program. The pilots showed that the programmability, tokenization, and atomic settlement associated with an e-HKD central bank digital currency (CBDC) could add unique value to the Hong Kong payment ecosystem. An e-HKD has the potential to facilitate faster, more cost-efficient, and more inclusive transactions., and enable new types of economic transactions. The next phase of the program will explore new e-HKD use cases and delve deeper into select pilots from Phase 1. See also: -https://www.visa.com.hk/zh_HK/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases/nr-hk-231101.html -https://www.gi-de.com/en/group/press/press-releases/standard-chartered-hong-kong-and-giesecke-devrient-announce-key-findings-of-its-e-hkd-pilot-study-on-offline-payment

·hkma.gov.hk·
HKMA publishes the e-HKD Pilot Program Phase 1 Report
RBI’s wholesale pilot of CBDC losing steam after one year
RBI’s wholesale pilot of CBDC losing steam after one year
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot started in November 2022 is seen as losing steam as the number of trades and settlement volumes has constantly fallen over the last few months, according to data compiled by Moneycontrol. The settlement of trades in government securities using digital rupees was in the range of Rs 5 billion to 6 billion a day in the first month of launch, which in the later months fell to just Rs 100 million to 600 million a day. The number of trades has fallen from 45 to 60 a day in the first month to just two to six a day in the later months.
·moneycontrol.com·
RBI’s wholesale pilot of CBDC losing steam after one year
Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking Choices
Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking Choices
Several Bank of Canada staffers published a paper that uses a structural model where each household chooses a financial institution to deposit their digital money to estimate the extent to which a central bank digital currency (CBDC) competes with deposit-taking financial institutions. Households value the interest paid on digital money, the possibility of obtaining complementary financial products, and access to in-branch services. Introducing a counterfactual CBDC that is non-interest-bearing and does not provide complementary financial products can substantially crowd out bank deposits only if it provides a better service network. Imposing a limit on CBDC holding would effectively limit this crowding out.
·ecb.europa.eu·
Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking Choices
Sveriges Riksbank: Political decisions needed urgently so that everyone can pay
Sveriges Riksbank: Political decisions needed urgently so that everyone can pay
Sveriges Riksbank responded to the Parliamentary Payment Inquiry report that was published in March 2023. It agreed with the report's conclusion that too many people lack access to both digital and cash payments and that the state needs to take further measures to make digital systems more accessible, less vulnerable and more reliable. Legislation on cash needs to be tightened up so that retailers are obliged to accept cash as payment for essential goods, with exceptions, such as for smaller businesses. Also, banks should offer payment accounts with limited functionality. However, the Riksbank considers that the Inquiry has not gone far enough in its proposals for a future state role in the payment system and that, for example, legislative work on a possible e-krona should begin immediately. And although the Riksbank agrees with the Inquiry's proposals on state guarantees for offline card payments, regulatory push and technical standards are also required.
·riksbank.se·
Sveriges Riksbank: Political decisions needed urgently so that everyone can pay